Social Studies 20-1 IB: Introduction to Nationalism + Canada

Jean Lesage

Premier of Québec, known as the father of the Quiet Revolution. Encouraged unions and worker rights, publicized industries.

Lafontaine and Baldwin

Worked together to unite Upper and Lower Canada. They developed and instituted responsible government. They made the first steps to an independent Canada.

Henri Bourassa

(1868 - 1952) French-Canadian nationalist leader who led the anti-conscription movement in 1917.

Maurice Duplessis

Leader of the Union Nationale from 1936-1959. He promoted Quebec Nationalism through bribery and corrupt means. He banned unions and strikes and did not grant labour rights.

Pierre Trudeau

Canadian PM made French an official language to appease Quebecois separatists and created the White Paper to abolish the Indian Act and all treaties.

Separatist Parties

Political parties that wanted Quebec to become and independent state.

Sepratists

People that felt that Quebec should separate from Canada, to become its own sovereign state. They wanted to do so in a peaceful manor.

Radical separatists

People that wanted Quebec's independence by any means necessary, including violence. (Think the FLQ)

Federalists

People that wanted Quebec to stay in Canada but felt that the province should be granted special rights and freedoms to protect the French language and culture.

Parti Quebecois

Québec nationalist party, formed in 1968, with a mandate to separate from Canada.

Bloc Quebecois

A federal political party that was founded officially in 1991. The party promotes Québec's interests and Québec sovereignty.

Seven Years War

war between France and Great Britain for power and control of land.

The Royal Proclamation

Signed in 1763. meant to protect First Nations from uncontrolled white settlements, this is why Canada has treaties.

Specific Land Claims

The land agreements in the numbered treaties were often ignored and land was sometimes taken illegally from First Nations groups.

Comprehensive Land Claims

In some parts of Canada no treaties were ever signed.

Bill 101

Parti Quebecois made French the only official language of Quebec. All children, even those of immigrants, had to attend French schools. This enraged anglophones all over the country.

Multiculturalism Act

A 1988 Canadian law that officially established Canada as a multicultural society, recognizing and encouraging traditional identities.

The Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism

Its purpose is to develop Confederation as an equal partnership of French and English, taking into account contributions of other ethnic groups

Official Bilingualism

An official government policy under which a country or province recognizes two official languages

BNA Act 1867**

An Act of British parliament, it established Canada as it's own Nation and divided power between a federal and provincial government.

Constitution Act of 1982**

The Act that made the constitution fully Canadian, added the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to the constitution, and established procedures for amending the constitution

Official Languages Act

the Act that states that French and English are Canada's official languages, and that all federal institutions must provide services in English and French

Indian Act of 1876

The Indian Act is a collection of hundreds of laws that dictate what First Nations people can and can't do.

Oppressive laws were put into place, including:

- the creation of Residential Schools.

- the banning of cultural ceremonies and practices.

- the creation of reserves and the pass system which didn't allow people to leave the reserve.

FLQ Crisis (October crisis)

An attempt by an organized group to achieve autonomy for Quebec through violent and terrorist styled activities

The Numbered Treaties

Historic agreements that affect the identity and rights of First Nations in Canada. They were made in order to build the North Pacific Railway.

Quiet Revolution

A period of intense social, political, and economic change in Quebec. During this period, which lasted from about 1960 to 1966, Quebecois began to assert their rights and affirm and promote their language and culture.

Oka Crisis

Standoff between Canada and the Mohawk of the Akwasasne reserve- 1990 when the town wanted to build a golf course on sacred burial grounds without the signing of a treaty.

1969 White Paper

The White Paper's lead purpose was to abolish all legal documents that had previously existed, including (but not limited to) the Indian Act, and all existing treaties within Canada. Under the legislation of the White Paper, Indian Status would be eliminated. First Nations Peoples would be incorporated fully into the provincial government

Creation of Nunavut 1999

Inuit people had never signed treaties with the Canadian government, instead they were granted land in the upper parts of Canada, now called Nunavut. They have the right to self government.

Quebec Referendums

A vote by all eligible voters in Quebec to determine if the province wanted to separate