Growth and Development Pediatrics and Adolescents (Video) - Vocabulary Flashcards

A comprehensive vocabulary set covering toddler, preschool, school-age, and adolescent growth/development milestones, nutrition, vital signs, and social/psychological aspects as described in the video notes.

Toddler age range

Toddler: 1-3 years; pre-school age through pre-puberty.

12-14 months milestone: walks without support

First independent ambulation milestone in toddlers.

12-14 months milestone: crawls upstairs

Ability to crawl up stairs as part of gross motor development.

12-14 months milestone: bends over to look between legs

Flexibility and curiosity in toddlers; bending to look between legs.

12-14 months milestone: squats during play

Squatting during play as a gross motor skill.

15 months milestone: walks without losing balance

Walks with steadier balance for a toddler.

15 months milestone: begins to use a spoon

Beginning self-feeding with a spoon.

15 months milestone: builds a tower of 2 blocks

Early fine motor skill: stacking two blocks.

15 months milestone: enjoys throwing things on floor

Exploratory play involving throwing.

15 months milestone: walks sideways and backwards

Advanced mobility skills (lateral and backward walking).

15 months milestone: scribbles

Beginning of fine motor scribbling.

18 months milestone: starts running with wide base

Gross motor development: running with wide stance.

18 months milestone: up and down stairs with 2 feet on a stair

Begin stairs with both feet on each step.

18 months milestone: fine motor coordination improving

Progress in hand-eye coordination and manual dexterity.

2 years: throw and catch a ball

Fundamental ball skills emerge in toddlers.

2 years: builds a tower as tall as he is

Tower-building reflects balance and coordination.

2 years: runs well

Efficient running pattern for age 2.

2 years: weight gain last year

Gained 4-6 lbs in the past year.

2 years: helps with dressing and undressing

Emerging independence in self-care.

2 years: vocabulary increasing; can name objects

Lexical growth; naming familiar objects.

3 years: vocabulary size and intelligibility

About 900 words with ~75% intelligible speech by age 3.

3 years: imitative speech

Repeats words and phrases; imitates adults.

3 years: understands 2-step commands and opposites

Comprehends simple multi-step instructions and basic opposites.

3 years: social development indicators

Curiosity, family interaction, bubbly laughter, dependence on security item.

Toddler nutrition basics

3 meals plus snacks; progression to self-feeding.

Toddler sleep pattern

Sleep 10-12 hours at night with possible nap.

Toddler vital signs

Vital signs: Resp 25-30; HR 80-130; BP 69-115/38-92.

Gross motor skills (2-6 years)

Running, stair climbing, jumping, ball skills; basic coordination.

Fine motor skills (2-6 years)

Hand preference; grasp and manipulation of writing instruments; grip strength; bilateral coordination; eye-hand coordination.

Preschooler communication profile

Talks incessantly; exaggerates, boasts, tattles; recognizes his written name; understands explanations; knows own age.

Preschooler social development

Temper tantrums decrease; imagines playmates; learns rules; develops conscience; shares; independence with peers; separation anxiety.

Preschooler nutrition

3 meals plus snacks; feeds self.

Preschooler sleep

Sleep 11-12 hours at night; nap as needed.

Preschooler vital signs

Vital signs: Resp 21-23; HR 75-115; BP 78-115/48-80.

Motor development concept (7-12 years)

Gross motor skills are goal-directed movements developed with practice; skilled movements require motivation, instruction, and practice.

School-age boys growth

Gain 35-40 lbs; grow 9-12 inches.

School-age girls growth

Gain 40-45 lbs; grow 10-15 inches.

School-age body changes

Body proportions shift; vision improves; brain development nears completion.

School-age social development

Acts silly; seeks independence; looks up to heroes; values peers; enjoys structure; competitive play; peers of both sexes.

School-age nutrition change

Appetite increases with rapid growth; may follow food fads.

School-age sleep variation

Sleep typically varies but often 8-12 hours.

School-age vital signs

Resp 19-21; HR 75-110; BP 85-131/48-69.

Adolescence definition: Pubescence

A ~2-year period of rapid physiological growth when reproductive functions mature.

Adolescence definition: Puberty

Point at which an individual is able to reproduce.

Female pubertal timing

Females experience pubescence about ~6 months earlier than boys; puberty 2 years earlier than boys.

Female growth spurt (numbers)

Growth spurt: ~20-25 lbs gained; ~4-5 inches of height; adult height by ~18 years.

Female puberty changes

Hips broaden; hair growth; breast enlargement; uterus/vagina enlarge; menarche often anovulatory for 1-3 years (age 10-16 range).

Male puberty changes

Major growth spurt: ~7-11 inches; ~55-75 lbs; greater muscle gain; nocturnal emissions; shoulders broaden; voice deepens.

Adolescent changes common to both sexes

Muscles enlarge, strengthen more in males; body hair increases; lungs size and vital capacity increase; gonads enlarge and secrete.

Adolescent self-perception

Teenagers often more concerned with appearance; peer acceptance is important; privacy needs; independence; logical and deductive reasoning develops.

Adolescent pain behavior spectrum

Wide variation: withdrawal, manipulation, decreased appetite, poor hygiene, refusal of care; capable of describing pain; may seek analgesia, especially away from peers.