Shaping a new nation

1st amendment

Freedom of…

Speech

Press

Religion

Right to Assemble

Right to petition

2nd amendment

right to a militia

right to keep and bear arms

3rd amendment

protection from the quartering of troops

4th amendment

protection from unreasonable search and seizure

warrant requirement 

5th amendment

due process; right to a grand jury; double jeopardy; right against self incrimination; eminent domain

6th amendment

trial by impartial jury; speedy, public, and local trial; right to confront accusers; right to an attorney

7th amendment

right to trial by jury in civil suits over $20

8th amendment

no excessive bail; no excessive fines; no cruel and unusual punishment

9th amendment

protection of rights not specifically enumerated in the constitution

10th amendment

powers not listed in the constitution are reserved to the states

republic

citizens rule through elected officials

true democracy

government ruled directly by the people; americans believed it would put too much power in the hands of the uneducated

republicanism

idea that governments should be based on the consent of the governed

confederation

an alliance in which the members hold most of the power

Articles of Confederation

Government could:

declare war, make peace; sign treaties; borrow money; set up post offices; deal with Native Americans

2/3

How many states were needed to pass a law?

All of them

How many states had to approve an amendment

regardless of population

Each state had one vote in Congress…

Daniel Shays

Led Shay’s rebellion

Debtors Prison

Reason Daniel Shays started Shays rebellion

Popular Sovereignty

idea the government is created by people and must follow the will of the people

federalism

power divided between national and state governments

Legislative branch

makes laws

executive branch

carries out laws

Judicial Branch

interprets laws

Checks and balances

prevent each branch from becoming too powerful

electoral college

casts ballots for presidential candidates on behalf of citizens

ratify

official approval

federalists

in support of constitution

anti-federalists

against constitution

bill of rights

first 10 amendments of constitution guaranteeing individual rights written by James Madison

Unicameral legislature

one house of legislation

Bicameral legislation

two houses of legislation

Virginia Plan

Proposed by James Madison for a Bicameral legislature based on population corresponding to representation

New Jersey plan

Proposed by William Patterson based on equal representation for every state

National government problems of articles of confederation

cannot regulate/interstate foreign trade; cannot enact/collect taxes; cannot raise money to repay foreign loans

Unity problems of the articles of confederation

each state followed own interests; 2/3 states needed to pass law; all states needed to approve amendments; only 1 vote in Congress per state

Shays’ Rebellion

led by Daniel Shays who organized others and led a march on springfield/northampton courts and tried to seize arsenal with intent to overthrow the government

Great compromise/connecticut compromise

written by Roger Sherman to have a Bicameral legislature with the Senate that is equal in every state and the house of representatives which is based on population in states

South

Wanted slaves to count on population for voting since they had more slaves

North

Didn’t want slaves to count on population for voting because they barely had any slaves

3/5 compromise

slaves count as 3/5 of a person - southern states get more votes

20

Congress couldn’t interfere with the slave trade for how many years?

James Madison

Wrote the Bill of rights

Anti-Federalists 

Who would not agree to the constitution without individual protection received in the Bill of Rights?

President 

Executes laws; approves or vetoes bills; is the commander in chief of the armed forces; appoints federal and supreme court justices and other federal officials; has a 4 year term; grants pardons