3.5 identity, ethnicity and nationality

how is an ethnicity formed

through many distinctive cultural characteristics

modood 1997 - skin colour as a source of identity

being black is an important source of identity for young African Caribbean's

singh ghuman 1999 - Asian socialisation

aisan parents that arrived in the 1950-60 pass on key values in the family, these are, respect for elders, parents knowing the best for you, including choice of marriage, religion training very important, kids had to be bilingual to speak mother tongue

hennik et al 1999 - marriage and asian kids

75% of all Sikh and 85% of all Muslim teenage girls expected a arranged marriage

Modood 1997 - the importance of religion

researched 2 generations of Asians, white and African Caribbean's, on how important religion is in my life, Pakistani and Bangladeshi, 82% of 50+ and 67% 16-34 value Islam, lowest was young white, at 5%

tony sewell 1996 - peer group impact on identity

peer group pressure is influential in forming ethnic identity among some African Caribbean youth in Britian, they form a 'gangsta' identity, this is due to the lack of father figures

what is a hybrid identity

an identity that integrates elements of various cultures

Johal 1998 - the white mask

Asian youth adopt a 'white mask', a combination of British culture and Asian culture, they do this to fit in with peers at school but also fit in with the family

what is a national identity

A sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspirations

Schudson 1994 - British identity

British people are socialised into the British identity through a common language, education, mass media

Waters 1995 - threat of British identity

British identity may be under threat due to globalisation, multiculturalism,