SIGMUND FREUD: Psychoanalytic Theory (part 1)

Sigmund Freud

The founder of psychoanalysis and one of the most influential figures in psychology.

Unconscious, Preconscious, Conscious

What are the Levels of Mental Life?

Unconscious Mind

It contains hidden drives, urges, and instincts that we are not aware of, but these still influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Unconscious Mind

Even though we may know our behaviors, we often don't realize the unconscious reasons behind them.

Dreams, Slips of the Tongue, Repression

How Do we know the unconscious Exists? Through What according to Freud?

Dreams

In this hidden thoughts appear in symbolic forms. Our hidden thoughts, desires, and fears appear, but not always in an obvious way. Instead, they show up in symbolic forms (things that represent something else)

Slips of the Tongue

It is saying something accidentally that reveals a deeper, hidden thought. Freud believed this happens because the unconscious mind is trying to express itself.

Repression

It is when something is too painful or stressful, the unconscious mind can push it away so we don't have to think about it. This happens without us realizing it, and the memory stays buried unless something triggers it

Preconscious Mind

It contains thoughts and memories that are not currently in our awareness but can become conscious either easily or with some effort

Conscious Perception, Unconscious Thoughts

What are the Two Sources of Preconscious mind?

Conscious Perception

It is the Information from our daily experiences that quickly moves out of our awareness when we focus on something else. These thoughts are mostly free from anxiety and are similar to conscious thoughts.

Unconscious Thoughts

It is the some unconscious thoughts try to enter the preconscious, but if they cause anxiety, a mental censor pushes them back into the unconscious. Those that succeed in entering the preconscious are often disguised to avoid being recognized as unconscious urges

Conscious Mind

It includes all the thoughts and perceptions that we are aware of at any given moment.

Conscious Mind

It is the only level of mental life directly available to us and plays a minor role in Freud's psychoanalytic theory

Perceptual Conscious System, Internal Mental Processes

Thoughts can reach consciousness in Two ways. What are they?

Perceptual Conscious System

Information from the outside world (what we see, hear, and feel) enters consciousness unless it is too threatening.

Internal Mental Processes

Thoughts can also come from the preconscious (non-threatening ideas) or the unconscious (but only if they are disguised).

Primary Censor, Final Censor

Before unconscious thoughts reach consciousness, they pass through two mental censors. What are these?

Primary Censor

It blocks unacceptable unconscious thoughts from entering the preconscious

Final Censor

It prevents some preconscious thoughts from becoming fully conscious unless they are disguised.

Id, Ego, SuperEgo

What are the Provinces of the Mind?

das Es

Id also known as (german)

das Ich

Ego also known as (german)

SuperEgo

Uber-Ich also known as

Id

Raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality. Basic instinct (seeking pleasure, avoid pain and suffering). Unconscious "we are not aware"

Id

It is also known as the "Pleasure Principle"

Pleasure Principle

Id is also known as?

Ego

It connected to reality. Mostly in conscious and partly in unconscious

Ego

Also known as Reality Principle

Reality Principle

Ego is also known as?

SuperEgo

It is the conscience of (what is right from wrong) ego ideal ( what and how we want to be) both in conscious and unconscious

Moral Principle

SuperEgo is also known as?

SuperEgo

Also known as Moral Principle

Drives, Aggression, Sex, Anxiety

What are the 4 Dynamics of Personality?

Drives

It operates as constant motivational force. As an internal stimulus, This differ from external stimuli in that they cannot be avoided through flight

Sexual Drive

The entire body is invested with libido (energy for sexual drive) especially on the erogenous zones

Sexual Drives

The ultimate aim of the sexual drive (reduction of sexual tension) cannot be changed, but the path by which the aim is reached can be varied. can be expressed via narcissism, love, sadism, masochism

Aggression

The aim of the destructive drive, is to return the organism to an inorganic state.

Aggression

Because the ultimate inorganic condition is death, the final aim of the aggressive drive is self-destruction. can be express via teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humilation, humor and enjoyment of other people's sufferin

Anxiety

Freud emphasized that it is a felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger

Neurotic Anxiety, Moral Anxiety, Realistic Anxiety

What are the Types of Anxiety in Dynamics of Personality?

Neurotic Anxiety

It defined as apprehension about an unknown danger; during childhood, these feelings of hostility are often accompanied by fear of punishment, and this fear becomes generalized into unconscious neurotic anxiety.

Moral Anxiety

It stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego (should and should not)

Realistic Anxiety

It is defined as an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger