Evidence in Practice II

change

____ in an outcome measure from the baseline to follow up 

true

changes includes the natural history of condition

t or f

false

difference includes the natural history of condition

t or f

difference

_____ in a change between 2 groups

true

measurements in difference can directly attrubute to the effect of intervenetion

t or f

false

measurements in change can directly attribute to the effect of intervention

t or f

P-values

the probability of something obtaining a result within a group

true

a p<0.05 is considered statistically significant meaning there is a 5% probability results are due to random chance

t or f

false

a p>0.05 is considered statistically significant meaning there is a 5% probability results are due to random chance

t or f

type I error 

when probability is 5% of results being due to random chance or are not true results 

confidence intervals

range of values that gives information based on the certainty/uncertainty of results which can help range of plausible effects in pts 

true

a narrow CI means it is more precise causing more confidence that the result is a true result

t or f

false

a wide CI means it is more precise causing more confidence that the result is a true result

t or f

true

a small sample size and large variability in resp leads to a larger CI
t or f

false

a large sample size and large variability in resp leads to a larger CI
t or f

true

if a CI includes 0 then the results are not statistically significant

t or f

false

if a CI includes 0 then the results are statistically significant

t or f

effect size

measure of how big or meaningful a difference or relationship is, independent of sample size

minimal clinical important difference (MCID)

the smallest amt of change that is important to an individual pt and depends on their baseline

minimal important difference (MID)

a statistical value of the amt of change that falls outside the measurement error

standardized mean difference

used if different outcome measures are used w different units across studies to compare two groups who used two different outcome measures 

mean difference

used if the outcome measure is the same when used across studies 

GRADE

used to help rate the certainty of evidence across 5 domains such as bias, consistency, generalizability to the target pop, precision.

certainty

GRADE involves the measurement of _____ where it can indicate how reliable the results are to use for clinical practices

generalizability

a consideration to application where we want to see how similar the study is the pts

treatment

a consideration to application where we want to see was was evaluated and if it is exactly what we are doing to the pt 

outcomes

a consideration to application where we want to see if it is relevant to the pt

treatment effect

a consideration to application where we want to see how variable the meaningful results are and if there is and risks to it