Unit 5: Hereditary (copy)

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24 Terms

1
Diploid cell
A cell that has two sets of chromosomes, symbolized as '2n'.
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2
Haploid cell
A cell that has only one set of chromosomes, symbolized as 'n'.
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3
Gametes
Sex cells that are haploid and combine with another gamete to form a diploid cell.
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4
Locus
The position of a gene on a chromosome.
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5
Homozygous
An organism that has two identical alleles for a given trait.
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6
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a given trait.
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7
Phenotype
The physical appearance of an organism.
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8
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism, including its alleles.
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9
Law of Dominance
One trait masks the effects of another trait.
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10
Law of Segregation
Each gamete gets only one copy of each gene.
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11
Law of Independent Assortment
Each pair of homologous chromosomes segregates independently during gamete formation.
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12
Monohybrid cross
A genetic cross that studies one trait.
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13
Dihybrid cross
A genetic cross that studies two traits simultaneously.
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14
Barr bodies
Inactive X chromosomes in females that are condensed and visible.
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15
Incomplete dominance
A genetic scenario where traits blend, such as pink flowers from red and white parents.
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16
Codominance
A situation in which both alleles are expressed equally, such as AB blood type.
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17
Pedigree
A chart used to study genetic inheritance within a family.
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18
Nondisjunction
An error in meiosis where chromosomes fail to separate properly, causing an abnormal number of chromosomes.
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19
Spermatogenesis
The process of meiosis that produces sperm cells.
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20
Oogenesis
The process of meiosis that produces egg cells.
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21
Aneuploidy
The presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.
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22
Recombinant
Offspring formed from recombination events during meiosis.
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23
Alleles
Different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus.
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24
Zygote
The diploid cell produced from the fusion of two gametes.
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