Grade 9 History Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key historical terms and concepts from the Grade 9 history curriculum.

Prehistory

The period before written records, covering human history up to 3000 BC.

Paleolithic Age

The Old Stone Age, lasting from around 3 million years to 10,000 BC.

Neolithic Age

The New Stone Age, starting around 10,000 BC with the beginnings of agriculture.

Historical Age

Period from 3000 BC to the present, marked by written records.

Medieval Age

Period from 476 AD to 1492 AD, characterized by feudalism in Europe.

Modern Age

Timeframe from 1492 to 1789 AD, marked by significant changes and discoveries.

Contemporary Age

Period from 1789 AD to the present, noted for ongoing historical developments.

Historiography

The study of the methods and principles through which history is written.

Sources of History

Divided into primary and secondary sources; essential for studying the past.

Chronology

The arrangement of events in their order of occurrence.

Civilization

A complex human society characterized by urban development, social stratification, and cultural achievements.

Primary Sources

Original materials or evidence from the time period being studied.

Secondary Sources

Interpretations or analyses based on primary sources.

Feudalism

A social and economic system of medieval Europe based on land ownership and personal loyalty.

Renaissance

An intellectual and cultural movement in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries, marking a revival of classical learning and art.

Industrial Revolution

A period of profound economic change from the late 18th to 19th centuries, characterized by the shift from agrarian economies to industrial ones.

American Revolution

The insurrection fought between 1775 and 1783, which resulted in the independence of the 13 colonies from British rule.

French Revolution

A period of political and social upheaval in France from 1787 to 1799 that fundamentally changed the political structure.

Napoleonic Era

The period of Napoleon Bonaparte's rule over France and much of Europe from 1799 to 1815.

Solomonic Dynasty

Ethiopian dynasty claimed to be descended from King Solomon and Queen Sheba, beginning around 1270.

Zemene-Mesafint

Translated as the 'Era of Warlords' in Ethiopia from mid-17th century to mid-19th century.

Gadaa System

An indigenous democratic political system among the Oromo people, organized into age groups.

Moggasa

A system of adopting non-Oromos into Oromo clans, granting them equal rights.

Guddifacha

A traditional adoption practice among the Oromo where a child is taken into a family, enjoying equal status.

Aksumite Kingdom

An ancient and powerful kingdom in Ethiopia, known for trade and monumental architecture.

Rist Land

System of land ownership in Ethiopia, often hereditary and recognized among communities.

Abba Gadaa

 The leader and spokesperson of the Gadaa system, holding significant political power.

Theories of Human Evolution

Includes creationist and evolutionist theories explaining the origin of humans.

Oromo

An ethnic group in Ethiopia known for their Gadaa system and extensive cultural practices.

Muslim Sultanates

Various Islamic states established in Ethiopia, influential in trade and territorial expansion.

Bantu Migration

The movement of Bantu-speaking peoples across Africa, shaping demographics and cultures.

Yejju Dynasty

A political dynasty in Ethiopia that rose during the Zemene-Mesafint, notable for regional power.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Trade routes across the Sahara Desert that connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa.

Legitimate Trade

Trade in raw materials that emerged after the abolition of slave trade, focusing on cash crops.

Imperial Expansion

The process of extending a country's power and influence through colonization and military force.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.