‘ rivers and coasts !

Flashcards about River Tees, River Jubilee, Dorset Coast and Holderness Coast

Where is the River Tees located?

In northeast England, flowing from the Pennines to the North Sea at Middlesbrough.

What landforms are found in the upper course of the River Tees?

V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, High Force waterfall (21m high), and a gorge formed from waterfall retreat.

What landforms are found in the middle course of the River Tees?

Meanders near Barnard Castle and wider valleys with floodplains.

What landforms are found in the lower course of the River Tees?

Large meanders and levees, floodplains near Yarm, and an estuary with mudflats and sandbanks (Teesmouth).

What are the social benefits of the River Jubilee scheme?

Protects over 3,000 properties in affluent areas like Eton and Windsor and reduces flood risk for residents and schools.

What are the economic benefits of the River Jubilee scheme?

Protects key infrastructure and businesses and results in less flood damage, leading to lower insurance costs.

What are the environmental benefits of the River Jubilee scheme?

Creates new habitats along the relief channel and enhances local biodiversity.

What are the social costs of the River Jubilee scheme?

Flooding increased downstream in less wealthy areas like Wraysbury and some homes are not protected.

What are the economic costs of the River Jubilee scheme?

Cost £110 million and has high maintenance costs due to weirs and flow control.

What are the environmental costs of the River Jubilee scheme?

Weirs disrupted natural flow and algae growth affects water quality and wildlife.

Where is the Dorset Coast located?

On the south coast of England, along the English Channel.

What landforms are found along the Dorset Coast?

Durdle Door (limestone arch), Lulworth Cove (cove formed by erosion through resistant rock), Chesil Beach (tombolo connecting Portland to mainland), Old Harry Rocks (stack and stump), and Swanage Bay (formed in softer rock like clay).

What are the social benefits of the Holderness Coast management scheme?

Protects 11.4km of coast including towns like Hornsea and Mappleton and reduces fear and stress for residents living near cliffs.

What are the economic benefits of the Holderness Coast scheme?

Protects farmland and infrastructure (e.g. B1242 road) and supports local tourism in Hornsea.

What are the environmental benefits of the Holderness Coast scheme?

Some areas (e.g. Spurn Point) are left unprotected to allow natural processes and groynes maintain beaches, supporting habitats.

What are the social costs of the Holderness Coast scheme?

Protection is not equal—some communities (e.g. Cowden Farm) feel abandoned and conflict exists between protected and unprotected areas.

What are the economic costs of the Holderness Coast scheme?

Groynes starve other areas of sediment, increasing erosion and it is expensive to build and maintain (e.g. £2 million spent at Mappleton).

What are the environmental costs of the Holderness Coast scheme?

Hard engineering disrupts natural sediment flow and habitats at unprotected areas are lost due to faster erosion.