UNIT 5: Revolutions - The Enlightenment and The Industrial Revolution

Flashcards summarizing key terms and concepts from Unit 5: Revolutions pertaining to The Enlightenment and The Industrial Revolution.

The Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in the 18th century that applied reason and empirical approaches to understanding the natural and human world.

Natural Rights

Rights that all humans are born with, as posited during the Enlightenment.

Social Contract

The concept that people can overthrow a tyrannical government, advocating for governance based on the consent of the governed.

Popular Sovereignty

The belief that the power to rule should belong to the people.

Liberalism

An ideology emphasizing civil rights, representative government, private property protection, and free-market trade.

Nationalism

A sense of commonality among people based on shared identity and the desire for self-governance.

Suffrage

The right to vote, which expanded post-American Revolution.

Feminism

The movement advocating for women's rights and equality, beginning with calls for women's suffrage during the Enlightenment.

Abolition of Slavery

A social movement influenced by Enlightenment ideas that led to the end of slavery in the Americas.

Declaration of Independence

The document reflecting Enlightenment ideas of social contract and popular sovereignty, marking the American Revolution.

The Haitian Revolution

A successful slave uprising that established the first black republic and the first independent nation in Latin America.

Transnational Business

Companies that operate across national boundaries, such as the Dutch East India Company.

Marxism

A political and economic theory developed by Karl Marx advocating for the working class to rise and overthrow the bourgeoisie to create a classless society.

Urbanization

The process where people move from rural areas to cities, which often resulted in housing shortages and public health crises during industrialization.

Industrial Revolution

A period marked by the rise of factories and mass production, fundamentally changing economies and societies globally.