Eukaryotic cells and organelles

2 functions of the cell-surface membrane

1) regulates movement in and out

2) has receptor molecules that allow it to respond to chemicals ( eg hormones)

Nuclear envelope

Contains genetic material

Nuclear pores

Allows things to enter or leave the nuclear (e.g mRNA )

Chromatin

Sections of DNA that make up chromosomes

Nucleolus

Responsible for producing ribosomes

Function of mitochondria

Site of aerobic respiration

4 sub-cellular structures of the mitochondria

1) outer membrane

2) inner membrane

3) crista

4) matrix

Function of chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

3 sub-cellular structures of chloroplast

1) stroma

2) grana

3) lamella

Function of grana and alternative name

1) thylakoid stack

2) absorbs sunlight

Function of lamella

Connects grana together

Function of Golgi apparatus

Package proteins and lipids into vesicles

Function of Golgi vesicle

Transports lipids and proteins out via the cell-surface membrane

What is Exocytosis

Transports lipids and proteins out via the cell-surface membrane

What is endocytosis

The way molecules move into the cell

Lysosome

1) bigger than vesicle but made by Golgi

2) contain digestive enzymes called lysozymes

2 functions of lysozymes

1) can break down worn components

2) used to digest invading cells