Bio 113 BSU Metzler Final Exam

View protozoa and bacteria

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to

fimbriae

What bacterial plays a critical role in biofilm formation

Needham

what scientist provided evidence in favor of the concept of spontaneous generation

epidemiology

John Snow's research during a cholera outbreak in London laid the foundation for which of the following branches of microbiology?

tubulin

which of the following is not a component of bacterial flagella
a. flagellin
b. basal body
c. tubulin
d. filament
e. hook

prokaryotes

microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called

eukarya

protists are places in the domain

positive phototaxis

a bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of

Found in gram + bacteria

which statement about LPS is false
a. also known as endotoxin
b. contains lipid A
c. found in gram + bacteria
d. released from dead cells

make food

Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that they have

Jenner

the individual who discovered the concept of vaccination was

hami

which of the following is unique to archea
a. LPS
b. peptidoglycan
c. hami
d. fimbriae

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, and viruses

Microbes include

inclusions

a reserve deposit of starch would be stored in __________ in a bacterium

simple

A straining procedure that only uses one dye is a ___________ stain

lister

which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals, such as phenol, to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery?
a. nightingale
b. snow
c. ehrlich
d. lister
e. Semmelweis

modern microscopes are compound and have better resolution

Why are modern light microscopes better than the ones Leeuwenhoek used?

protozoa; multcellular

which of the following is an incorrect pairing
a. protozoa; multicellular
b. fungi; cell walls
c; alga; aquatic and marine habitats

developing methods for reducing healthcare-associated infections

the work of lister, nightingale, and Semmelweis all contributed to controlling infectious disease by

cell walls

gram stain works because of its differences in the _____ of bacteria

sterol

one component found in eukaryotic membranes but not prokaryotic membranes is

endospores

some species of bacteria can form_______ when growth conditions are impossible

diagnosis usually involves microscopic examination of patient species

Parasitic worms, even meters-long tapeworms, are studied in microbiology because

eukaryotes

Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by

small hydrophilic molecules

which of the following molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane rapidly and without the use of transport proteins

endocytosis usually brings materials in to break down

which of the following statements concerning endocytosis and exocytosis is correct

gram negative bacteria

what prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane

prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic

which statement about ribosomes is true

prokaryotes

the eukaryotic structures of mitochondria and chloroplasts are though to have developed from

using dyes that react with their structures

Low contrast specimens are made easier to see by

flagellum

which cell structure would not be in a prokaryotic cell but would be found in a eukaryotic cell

chemoheterotroph

A cell that uses an organic carbon source and sulfur for energy be called a

anabolic

the synthesis proteins could be called

photoheterotroph

A cell that uses an organic carbon source and obtains energy from light would be called a

oxygen levels

microphages are microbes that grow best at

the Krebs cycle

carbon dioxide is a by product of

obligate aerobic

what type of organisms requires oxygen for growth

stationary phase

during the_________ of growth, new cells are being produced at the same rate as other cells are dying

NADH is oxidized by the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration only

difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration

in standard petri plates

Obligate anaerobes may be cultured in the laboratory

pH

An acidophile thrives under conditions of low

heterotroph

An aquatic microbe that can grow only near the surface of the water

mitosis

not a way bacteria can divide

supply the energy to innate biochemical reaction

enzymes are important biological catalysts because they

ph

an organism that tolerates high__________ is called a halophile

Krebs cycle

pyretic acid is a product of

plants

viroids infect

ultraviolet light

which of the following is a physical mutation
a. nitrous acid
b. ultraviolet light
c. nucleotide analogs

phosphate group

what is found at the 5' end of a DNA strand

frameshift mutation

If the codon AAA is changed to AAG, it still codes for the amino acid lysine; this is an example of a

viroids

which infectious particles do not have protein in their structure

interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules.

Host specificity of a virus is due to

DNA-RNA-protein

the central dogma says genetic information flows

only in viruses

double stranded RNA genomes can be found

type of nucleic acid

Viruses are primarily classified according to their

involves a virus

the horizontal transfer process known as transduction

break hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides.

DNA helicases

transcription

DNA polymerase is primarily responsible for

the genetic material of the bacteriophage can be passed on to future generations of cells.

why is lysogen advantageous to a bacteriophage

phenolics

Lysol is an example of which of the following groups of chemical antimicrobial agents?

mutualism

a protozoan ands its resident bacteria invade the body of a worm. the bacteria release toxins and exoenzymes that immobilize and digest the worm, and the protozoan and bacteria absorb that nutrients produces. the relationship between the protozoan and the bacteria would be

yeast infection

what can result when antibiotic therapy disrupts the normal microbiota

inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens

fomites are

lyophilization

what is not an effective means of sterilization

compounds produced naturally by microbes to have antimicrobial activity against other microbes

antibiotics are

A public toilet is treated with disinfectants.

example of sanitization

they cross the placenta during pregnancy

how does a baby acquire normal microbiota

cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure

An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following?

different from a cross resistant one

a multi-resistant drug strain is

educate the public, promote vaccination, and treat those who are infected

a new influenza strain appears and is spreading rapidly. what measures might be taken by public health agencies to stop the spread?

incinerating

dry heat microbial control

treatment of a caner patient with radiation

what might cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens

inhibition of metabolic pathways

the mechanism of action of sulfonamides is

an inappropriate response to self antigens

Autoimmunity

monocyte

Which cell becomes a macrophage when leaving the bloodstream?

professional antigen presenting cells

class II MHC are found on

naturally acquired active immunity

what type of immunity is produced by the body when a person gets a disease

eosinophils

What cells increase in number during an infection with parasitic worms?

it can revert to the wild strain type

OPV, the attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine, is no longer administered in the U.S.A. because

are detectable close to birth.

primary immunodeficiency diseases

protection against a recent infection or disease is needed immediately.

Passive immunotherapy is used when

dermatitis in responce to latex gloves

what is the result of type IV hypersensitivity

no immune response is made by the individual

why does passive immunization not generate immunological memory

breastfeeding

passive natural immunity is generated by

does not generate pain

which statement about the inflammatory response is false

the blood transfusion was mismatched, and the recipient had previously been exposed to the foreign blood antigens

An accident victim receives a blood transfusion. Shortly thereafter, he begins to have difficulty breathing, develops a fever, and experiences nausea and vomiting. Which of the following is the most likely interpretation of these events?

Rh-negative mother and Rh positive father

what could result in hemolytic disease of the newborn

IV

Poison ivy is an example of hypersensitivity type

it is basic

which statement regarding the surface of the skin is false

chemokine

which of the following cytokines act as a signal for chemotaxis or movement of leukocytes

specific molecules, or parts of molecules, that the body recognizes as foreign.

antigens are

IgE

which of the following immunoglobulins is produced by plasma cells in response to an allergen

an autograft

Grafting skin from one area of the body to another in order to cover a burn is considered a(n)

protozoa

what is this organism

pasture, spontaneous generation

the experiment pictured above was performed by __________ and disproved by

endospores

the green structures in this image are called

gram -

the pink cells shown in the micrograph are

phospholipids

the most abundant molecules in the structure pictures above are

The cell wall

in the figure above the structure labeled A is

to adhere to surfaces or other bacteria

what is the function of the structure labeled E