Theology III: Sacraments Midterm

Genesis 3:8 - Theopany

• God is walking in the garden

• Appears in a physical form

• First Theophany in the Bible

Genesis 18:1-3 - Theophany

• God appears to Abraham as 3 men prefiguring the Trinity

• Yahweh

Genesis 32:24-28 - Theophany

• Jacob is wrestling with God in a human form 

• God changes Jacob’s name to Israel 

• Prefiguring the history of Israel and the nation struggling with God and our struggle

Exodus 3:1-6 - Theophany

• God appears to Moses as a burning bush

• Mosaic Covenant is established 

Genesis 1:3 - Words

• God says “Let be light” and there was light

• First time God speaks in the Bible

Exodus 3:14 - Words

• God tells Moses his name “I AM THAT I AM”

Exodus 16:14-15 - Deed

• God feeds nation of Israel Manna

• God provides for his people

John 14:6 - Transmission of Divine Revelation

• “Jesus said to him, ‘I am the way, and the truth, and,  and the life; no one comes to the Father, but by me’”

• Jesus identifies himself as God “I AM”

John 3:16

Summarizes the whole NT

• “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life”

John 20:30-31 - Transmission of Divine Revelation

• John himself ended the Gospel like this

• John said not everything Jesus said or did is written in the Gospel

Acts 20:35 - Transmission of Divine Revelation

• Luke wrote Acts

• Luke is quoting  Paul but he’s quoting Jesus

  • “It is more blessed to give than to receive

• Most famous line of Jesus is not in the Gospel but in Acts

  • Supports John’s argument

Mark 16:15 - Transmission of Divine Revelation

• Jesus asks to preach not to write the Gospel

2 Thessalonians 2:15 - Sacred Tradition

• Paul tells the disciples to “hold to the tradition which you were taught by us, either by word of mouth or by letter”

• Tradition in Latin means hand on, hand over, hand down

2 Timothy 3:14-17 - Sacred Scripture

• St. Paul tells Timothy that all scripture inspired by God and useful for teaching and correction

  • Inspired= “God Breathed”

    • Paul would have considered the OT as scripture

Matthew 16:15-19 - Petrine Verse

• Peter recognizes who Jesus is and Jesus renames Peter to Simon

  • Given the Keys to the kingdom

• Establishes the Petrine Office

2 Peter 3:14-16

• Peter says the the letters of Paul are scripture

  • “Whatever you bind on Earth shall be bound in heaven”

• Authority of Peter

Acts 15:7-11 - Council of Jerusalem

• Peter said you don’t have to be Jewish to be Christian

• Judaism & Christianity split from each other

• First Council of the Church

Galatians 1:9

Pauls says if anyone preaches a different Gospel let them be Anathema (accursed)

Genesis 1:1-2

The spirit of God was over the water of creation

• Relation between water & God’s spirit in the Beginning

Genesis 7:6-11

God saves Noah & his family from the flood

• Salvation & water relationship

Exodus 14:10-31

God has Moses lead the nation of Israel through through the parted Red Sea to be saved from the Egyptians

• Salvation & going through water relationship

Joshua 3:14-17

Joshua leads the nation of Israel across the Jordan River with the Ark of the Covenant to the promised land (Jericho)

• Relationship between going through water & receiving the promises of God

2 Kings 5:1-19

The prophet Elisha has Naaman wash himself seven times in the Jordan

• Relationship between water & healing

• #7 means covenant

• Underlying theme of conversion (didn’t have faith before)

Ezekiel 36:24-28

God promises to cleanse the Israelite nation of their sins & puts a new spirit in the people through the sprinkle of water

• Future promise that God will fulfill

Mark 1:9-11

Jesus gets baptized by John the Baptist in the Jordan setting an example, being baptized showing he’s human (Sonship)

• First time the Trinity is present together in the scripture

• Father publicly acknowledges Jesus as his son

Mark 16:16

If you believe and are baptized then you’ll be saved & if you don’t then you’re condemned

• without faith it’s meaningless

Matthew 28:19-20

Jesus is telling his Apostles to baptize in the Name of the Father, Son & Holy Spirit

• Trinitarian Formula is valid when being baptized

John 3:1-6

Jesus says we must be born of water & Spirit to have eternal life'

• The effects

• Must believe & be baptized

Acts 2:38-39

Peter says repents and be baptized for the forgiveness of sins and the gifts of the Holy Spirit. The promises of Baptism is for you and your children

• Implies children may be baptized too

• Effects of Baptism

Acts 9:1-19

Saul is baptized into Paul after seeing the Risen Lord Jesus

• Typological connection with Naaman

• 2nd most important baptism

Acts 16:25-34

Roman solider has his entire family baptized by Paul & Silas

• Suggests that children can be baptized

Romans 6:1-4

Paul says we are baptized into the death & resurrection of Christ

• Important Passage Theologically

Galatians 4:3-7

Paul says believes in Christ becomes sons in the son

• Through Him instead of slaves we become sons

• We become like Christ

1 Peter 3:18-22

Peter says Baptism now saves you

• Peter compares Baptism to Noah’s ark (Typology)

Revelation 7:9-17

Saints in Heaven have been washed in the blood of the Lamb

• Hope of believers that we may be washed in His blood

Romans 10:9

If you declare with your mouth, "Jesus is Lord," and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.

Revelation

God’s self discloser

Theophanies

A manifestation of God in a tangible form

Yahweh

“THE LORD” “I AM THAT I AM”

Christocentric

Jesus is the center of revelation and history

Apostles

One of the 12 men Jesus taught personally

Disciples

Followers of Christ

Sacred Tradition

Oral transmission of Divine revelation

Sacred Scripture

Written transmission of Divine revelation

Deposit of Faith

Entire message of Jesus Christ (Sacred Tradition & Sacred Scripture make up)

Magisterium

The teaching office of the Church (share, interpret, preserves)

Early Church Fathers

The Disciples of the Apostles

Clement of Rome

3rd bishop of Rome; 2 letters written by Clement in 80 AD (Letter to the Corinthians (different from the scripture). sets up Papal primacy

Ignatius of Antioch

Bishop of Antioch; 115 AD Ignatius writers 7 letters on his way to die (helps situate the timeline of Gospels & are early documents)

Polycarp

Student of John & the teacher of Irenaeus

Irenaeus of Lyons

Wrote Against the Heretics (Book to the Gnostics); Apostolic succession, 4 Gospels that traces to the Apostles, Sacred tradition where God made the world good & Jesus is man

Justin Martyr

A convert that met Irenaeus that defends Christianity against its attackers; Describes the early Christian mass to a letter addressed to Titus 

Judaizers

Early followers believed if you want to be Christian then you must be Jewish

Gnosticism

A belief system that attaches to other beliefs (Parasitic); believed matter is evil, evil god, denies Jesus’ humanity.

Arianism

Denies the full divinity of Jesus (Jesus is not fully God but an Angel)

Ecumenical Councils

A meeting of all the Bishops in the world including the Pope to discuss Doctrine & practice

Council of Jerusalem

First Council of the Church discussing whether you need to be Jewish to be a Christian. Peter said you don’t have to thus Judaism & Christianity split from each other.

Nicea I

325 AD revolved around Arius where Athanasius opposed him leading to the splitting of Christianity leading Constantine to order the Bishops to meet establishing the Nicene creed and condemning Arius

Council of Carthage

397 AD Local council of Bishops of Africa canon 27 books written by Apostles including Revelation as it was written by John. Augustine believed the book of Revelation shouldn’t be in the Gospel

Hermeneutics

The principles by which we interpret scriptures

• Catholics

  • Context & Unity

  • Sacred Tradition (how its interpreted across time)

  • Analogy of Faith (has to be consistent)

Exegesis

critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially of scripture. (Interpreting scripture)

Typology

What happens in the OT points what happen s in the NT & what happens in the NT explains the OT

Original Holiness

intentional relationship with God in the Beginning (vertical relationship)

Original Justice

State of harmony with the rest of creation

• Man & Nature

• Man & Man/Women

• Man & Himself

Original Sin

The fallen state all human beings experience because of the first sin of Adam & Eve

Concupiscence

The tendency of all human beings toward sin, as a result of Original Sin; humans will often seek to satisfy their own desires without regard for others

Atonement

Sacrificial offering by Jesus to be one with God; Through Baptism we participate in it

Paschal Mystery

The redemptive work of Christ in his passion, death, resurrection, and ascension

Sonship

We are connect to the Father through the Son of Christ

Grace

The indwelling presence of the Holy Trinity

• Grace is like a Theophany inside of you

  • God manifesting within us

Sanctifying Grace

Grace that allows us to be with God in Heaven (changes us for the better); Every sacrament transmits Sanctifying Grace

Actual Grace

Grace that accompanies our good works & actions, allowing to live the Christian life

Describe the 3 components of revelation itself

3 different way God communicates himself through Theophanies, words, deeds

Explain how Divine Revelation is transmitted

Sacred Tradition & Sacred Scripture making up The Deposit of Faith through the Apostles and disciples

Define the role of the magisterium

Shares, interprets, & preserves the Bible

Outline the fundamental principles of Catholic biblical interpretation

Hermeneutics: The principles by which we interpret scripture

• Catholics

  • Context & Unity

  • Sacred Tradition (How its interpreted across time)

  • Analogy of Faith (Has to be consistent)

Describe how the Paschal Mystery is the foundation of the Sacraments

All the Sacraments draw their power from Jesus’ Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension. Through them, we share in the life and grace Christ won for us on the Cross. 

Identify the Elements of Baptism

A. Biblical Basis:
Jesus’ baptism (Mark 1:9–11) and His command to baptize (Matthew 28:19–20).

B. Matter/Form:

• Matter: Water & Sacred Chrism

• Form: “I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.”

  • 3x: immersion -or- Affusion

C. Minister/Recipient:

• Minister:

  • Bishop

  • Priest

  • Deacon

    • Ordinary

  • Anyone with intent

    • Extraordinary

• Recipient: 

  • Human - rational animal

  • Faith

  • Free will

D. Effects:

• Forgiveness of sins

• Sanctifying Grace

• Indelible Mark

• Initiation into the Paschal Mystery

• Incorporation into the Mystical Body of Christ (All believers of Christ are interconnected)

• Adoption/sonship=Divination