US History Unit 4: The Era of Good Feelings and Jackson

James Monroe

Fifth President of the United States, serving from 1817 to 1825.

Era of Good Feelings

A period in the 1810s and 1820s characterized by national unity and political harmony.

Tariff of 1816

The first protective tariff in the United States, aimed at protecting American industry.

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835, known for establishing the principle of judicial review.

McCulloch v Maryland

A landmark Supreme Court case that established federal supremacy over state laws.

Panic of 1819

The first major financial crisis in the United States, leading to widespread economic hardship.

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

An agreement between the United States and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S.

Rise of nationalism

An increase in national pride and unity, particularly after the War of 1812.

American system

An economic plan that aimed to strengthen and unify the nation through tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Henry Clay

A prominent American statesman and politician known for his role in the American System and the Missouri Compromise.

The Bank War

A political struggle between President Andrew Jackson and supporters of the Second Bank of the United States.

Whig Party

A political party formed in the 1830s in opposition to the Democratic Party and Andrew Jackson.

The corrupt bargain

A political scandal involving the election of 1824, where John Quincy Adams allegedly made a deal to win the presidency.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States, serving from 1829 to 1837, known for his populist approach.

mudslinging

The use of insults and accusations in political campaigning.

Indian Removal Act

A law passed in 1830 that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

A Supreme Court case that ruled that the state of Georgia could not impose its laws on Native American lands.

Sectionalism

An allegiance to local interests or regions rather than to the country as a whole.

The Spoils System

The practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

The Tariff of Abominations (1828)

A controversial tariff that raised duties on imported goods, leading to significant opposition in the South.

common/self-made man

A term describing an individual who rises to success through hard work and determination, often without wealth or privilege.

Universal manhood suffrage

The extension of voting rights to all adult men, regardless of property ownership.

William Lloyd Garrison

An American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer known for his anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator.

Frederick Douglass

An escaped slave who became a prominent activist, author, and public speaker for abolition and civil rights.

The North Star

An abolitionist newspaper published by Frederick Douglass.

The Liberator

An abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison that advocated for the immediate emancipation of slaves.

Liberia

A country in West Africa founded by freed American slaves.

American Colonization Society (ACS)

An organization founded in 1816 to promote the migration of free African Americans to Africa.

Abolition

The movement to end slavery and emancipate enslaved people.

King Cotton

A phrase that referred to the economic and political importance of cotton in the Southern United States.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement passed in 1820 that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Eli Whitney

An American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin.

Industrialization

The process of developing industries in a country or region on a wide scale.

Cotton gin

A machine invented by Eli Whitney that quickly separates cotton fibers from seeds.

Turnpikes/railroads/trains

Infrastructure developments that facilitated transportation and trade in the 19th century.

Interchangeable parts

Manufactured parts that are made to such precision that they can be easily replaced.

Steamboats

Boats powered by steam engines that revolutionized transportation on rivers.

Textile mills

Factories where cloth and fabric are produced, often powered by water or steam.

Railroads

A system of tracks along which trains run, significantly impacting transportation and commerce.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the United States throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.