A&P Lab midterm practice 2

Calculate the missing values in the table below:

25X — 12X — 280X

Define: parfocal microscope

a type of compound light microscope designed so that when you switch from one objective lens to another, the specimen remains nearly in focus.

Name an example organ associated with each of the following organ systems:

a) nervous system

b) lymphatic system

c) urinary system

a - brain

b - spleen

c - uterus

Rank the following levels of biological hierarchy from 1 to 6 in ascending order, with 1 being the lowest (most simple) level and 6 being the highest level (most complex).

tissue level ___   organism level ___

organ system level ___   organ level ___

cell level ___    organelle level ___

organelle level - 1

cell level - 2 

tissue level - 3

organ level - 4

organ system level - 5

organism level - 6

Name an example organ found within each of the following body cavities:

a) abdominal cavity

b) cranial cavity

c) pericardial cavity

d) pleural cavity

a - large intestines

b - brain

c - heart

d - lungs

Define term: parietal peritoneum

The layer of the peritoneum that lines the inner wall of the abdominal cavity.

Define term: visceral pericardium 

The inner layer of the pericardium that directly covers the surface of the heart.

Define term: medial

refers to a position closer to the midline of the body.

Define term: distal

refers to a position farther from the point of attachment or origin of a body part.

Define term: parasagittal plane

It is a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions, parallel to the midsagittal plane.

Define term: contralateral 

refers to something occurring on or affecting the opposite side of the body.

Give the regional name for each of the following body parts.

a) armpit                b) neck 

c) sole of foot         d) anterior knee 

e) posterior knee    f) eye socket

a - axillas

b - cervical

c - plantar

d - patellar

e - popliteal

f - orbital

Name the body cavity in which the following structures are found. Be as specific as possible in giving the smallest possible cavity that correctly answers the question.

a) stomach       b) spinal cord 

c) lungs         d) urinary bladder 

a - abdominal cavity

b - vertebral cavity

c - pleural cavity

d - pelvic cavity

Name the abdominopelvic regions indicated on the diagram:

1. right hypochondriac

2. right lumber region

3. right inguinal (iliac) region

4. epigastric region

5. umbilical region

6. pubic region

7. left hypochondriac 

8. right lumbar 

9. left inguinal (iliac) region

Give the correct description/function of each of the following cellular structures:

Golgi apparatus 

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. “post office”

Give the correct description/function of each of the following cellular structures:

mitochondria

Produce energy for the cell by converting nutrients into ATP through cellular respiration. “powerhouse”

Give the correct description/function of each of the following cellular structures:

lysosome

Contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, old cell parts, and foreign substances. “garbage crew”

Give the correct description/function of each of the following cellular structures:

nucleolus

Produces ribosomes by assembling ribosomal RNA and proteins.

Give the correct description/function of each of the following cellular structures:

cilia

Short, hair-like structures that move fluids or materials across the cell’s surface.

State ONE difference between rough ER and smooth ER.

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, while smooth ER does not.

Name the stage of the cell cycle during which each of the following occurs within a cell:

a) chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell

b) The cell is not actively dividing

c) cleavage furrow separates daughter cells

d) DNA is replicated

e) nuclear envelope reforms and spindle fibers

a - Metaphase

b - Interphase

c - Cytokinesis

d - Interphase (S phase)

e - Telophase

List the three basic components of a typical cell:

1. nucleus

2. plasma (cell) membrane

3. cytoplasm 

Identify the specific stage of mitosis as shown in the attached diagram. 

A – Anaphase
B – Metaphase
C – Prophase
D – Telophase

Given the four tissue types in the human body, which one:

a) sends and receives messages?

b) is responsible for secretion and absorption?

c) contracts to produce movement?

d) fills void spaces in the body?

a - Nervous tissue 

b - Epithelial tissue

c - Muscle tissue

d - Connective tissue

Give one location within the body where the following tissues may be found:

a) dense irregular

b) simple cuboidal    c) hyaline cartilage

d) cardiac muscle    e) transitional (Furothelium)

a - dermis of the skin

b - kidney tubules

c - ends of long bones or in the trachea

d - walls of the heart.

e - urinary bladder

Using the attached diagram, identify the tissues and write their correct names in the blanks below. Be very specific in naming the tissues.

a - Stratified squamous epithelium

b - Compact bone

c - Adipose tissue 

d - Nervous tissue

e - Skeletal muscle tissue

f - Blood (vascular tissue)

The dermis is subdivided into two sublayers. Fill in the blanks below:

a) Superficial sublayer – Papillary layer → Areolar connective tissue

b) Deep sublayer – Reticular layer → Dense irregular connective tissue

What is the name of the smooth muscle associated with a hair follicle?

arrector pili muscle

List two ways in which hair and nails are similar

1. Both are made of keratin, a tough, protective protein.

2. Both are produced by epidermal cells that grow from specialized structures in the skin.

What is the function of:

a) sweat gland

b) melanin

c) hypodermis

d) Meissner's corpuscle

a - Regulates temperature and removes waste

b - Gives skin color and protects from UV rays

c - Insulates and anchors the skin

d - Detects light touch

List the sublayers of cells that comprise the superficial layer of the skin in correct anatomical order:

(superficial) __________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

(deep) _________

1. corneum
2. lucidum 
3. granulosum
4. spinosum
5. basale

What layer of cells undergoes active mitosis?

1. Stratum basale – the primary layer where mitosis happens.

2. Stratum spinosum — cells here can also divide, but less actively than in the stratum basale