unit 1

definition of matter

substance that has mass and occupies space

states of matter

solid, liquid, gas

what matters have a fixed shape?

solids

what matters dont have a fixed shaped

liquid, gas

what matters have a fixed volume

solid and liquid

what matters dont have a fixed volume

gas

what matters cannot be compressed?

solid and liquid

what matters can be compressed?

gas

what is the kinetic particle theory?

all matter is made out of tiny particles that are in a constant random motion

what does the kinetic particle theory describe / explain?

it describes the state of matter and explains the differences between the matters and the changes of the states of matter

properties of a solid

are closely packed in an orderly manner, are held together by strong forces of attraction, enough kinetic energy to vibrate and rotate about their fixed positions only, cannot move about freely

why does a solid have a fixed volume?

it cannot be compressed since the particles are already very close to one another

what are the properties of a liquid mater

why is the volume of a liquid matter fixed?

the particles of a liquid are further away from one another than the particles of a solid but are still packed closely together.

what are the properties of a gas matter / why does gas not have a fixed shape?

they are spread further apart from one another, they have weaker forces of attraction than the particles of a liquid, they have more kinetic than solids and liquids so they are not held in fixed positions, they can move about rapidly in any direction.

why does gas not have a fixed volume?

the particles of gas have more space between them compared to the particles of a lqiuid or a solid. the space between particles allow the gas to be easily compressed when pressure is applied.gas can be forced to move closer together.

temperature at which a solid melts is

its melting point

temperature where a liquid freezes is called

freezing point

temperature where liquid boils is called

boiling point

differences of boiling and evaporation

boiling point occurs on boiling point while evaporation occurs at temperatures below boiling point. when the liquid boils, it occurs throughout the liquid while evaporation only occurs at the surface of the liquid. boiling liquid occurs rapidly while evaporation takes time, occuring slowly

what happens when a matter is heated or cooled

heat is taken in or given out

liquid to solid ( freezing )

energy (heat) is given out by particles of the liquid. particles lose kinetic energy, move slower. when the temperature is low enough, particles will not have enough kinetic energy to move freely. the particles will sette into fixed positions. particles will only vibrate in its own position once turned solid

water to gas 1 throughout the matter ( boiling )

heat is absorbed by the particles of the liquid, the particles then start to move faster as the temperature rises, which increases kinetic energy. when the temperature is high enough, the particles will have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction. particle is then spread far apart and can move in any random direction once gas

liquid to gas at surface level of matter ( evaporation ) at normal temperature and higher temperatures

occurs because some particles have enough energy to escape as gas from the surface of a liquid. particles left behind will have less kinetic energy. average kinetic energy of the liquid particles left behind decreases so the average temperature of the liquid decreases.

at higher temperature liquid particles has more enrgy, more particles have more energy to escape as gas from the surface of a liquid. evaporation occurs more quickly at a higher temperature.

what are volatile liquids?

they are liquids that evaporate quickly at room temperature due to weak intramolecular forces, leading to high vapor pressure

gas to liquid ( condensation )

heat is given out from the gas particles, as the temperature drops, the particles lose energy and move more slowly. eventually the movement of the particles will become slow enough for the gas to change to a liquid

whats the effect of temperature on the volume of a gas

when gas is heated, temperature increases. the particles will hae more energy and will move further apart. the volume of gas will then increase

how does the kinetic particle theory explain the effect of temperature on the volume of gas

when gas is heated, it will have more kinetic energy. particles will collide with one anoter and with the wall of the container more often with grwater force, as well as moving further apart from one another.

what is the effect of pressure on the volume of a gas

whebn pressure is applied to gas, the particles move closer to one another. the volume of the gas will decrease

how does the kinetic particle theory explain the effect of pressure on the volume of gas

when pressure is exerted on the gas, volume decreases. if gas particles are close enough, forces of attraction will become stronger and the gas will change into a liquid. this is because when pressure is exerted (assuming w a piston) they will collide with one another and the walls of the container more often and move closer together.

what is diffusion

diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

what does the rate of diffusion of a gas depend on

the rate at which a gas diffuses depends on its relative molecular mass.

what is a molecular gas

mass of the particles of the gas

in what other mediums does diffusion take place in?

liquids