Review of Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to the chemistry of alcohols, ethers, and epoxides from the lecture notes.

Fermentation

Anaerobic degradation of glucose to produce ethanol.

Hydration of Alkenes

Treatment of an alkene with H2O and a catalytic amount of H+, potentially producing rearrangements and follows Markovnikov’s rule.

Oxymercuration-Demercuration

Treatment of an alkene with Hg(OAc)2 and H2O followed by NaBH4, following Markovnikov’s rule without rearrangements.

Hydroboration Oxidation

Treating an alkene with BH3 followed by NaOH and H2O2, yielding products that follow anti-Markovnikov’s rule.

Grignard Reagents

Reagents that yield secondary alcohols from aldehydes and tertiary alcohols from ketones, increasing the carbon skeleton.

Williamson Ether Synthesis

Preparation of ethers using an alkoxide with RX, following an SN2 mechanism.

Halohydrin Method

Formation of an epoxide from a halohydrin via intramolecular SN2 reaction.

Esterification

Treatment of ROH with HX to yield alkyl halides and formation of P-O bonds through SN2 or SN1 mechanisms.

Dehydration

Elimination reaction involving ROH and acid to yield an alkene.

Protecting Group Technique

Masking of the alcohol by converting it into a siloxane using chlorotrimethyl silane.