Limbic System

Cortical input to hippocampal formation is funneled via the _____ Cortex

entorhinal

Papez Circuit: _______ communicates with mamillary body through _____, then they communicate with ______ ______ of ______ through _______ tract, then it communicates with cingulate Gyrus through ____ ______, then goes to ________ gyrus through the cingulum, which then goes to entorhinal cortex which then goes back to hippocampus through _____ pathway

hippocampus fornix anterior nucleus thalamus mamillothalamic internal capsule parahippocampal perforant

so information is brought in by the ______ ____ which travels to ____ using the _______, from CA3 info can either go to ____ then back to subiculum or fornix, or info can go directly to ______

entorhinal cortex CA3 subiculum CA1 fornix

input to hippocampus can either go to _____ directly or through _____ ____ then subiculum,

subiculum entorhinal cortex

1 is a relay station between hippocampus and hypothalmus involved in emotional memory, reward and motivation

1 septal nuclei 2 Amygdala 3 mamillary body

_____ converge in midline to become the fornix, it goes forward splitting into columns which goes to _____ ______ (postcommissural) and to the ______ (precommisural)

fimbria mamillary bodies septum

_____ syndrome results in memory loss caused by lack of ______ especially in chronic alcoholics, patietns may ______ or fill in gaps in memory with falsification, this can cause lesions to the _____ ______

korsakoff thiamine confabulate mamillary bodies

1 is the _____ _____, which receives input from ____ ____ of thalamus and _____, _____, and _____ visual cortex, connects to parahippocampal cortex through the _____ bundle

cingulate gyrus anterior nucleus frontal somatosensory anterior cingulum

_____ ____ primary function is emotional processing, learning, and emotional memory. Attention flexibility (shifting attention, moving from idea to idea), empathy, there is an abnormal structure and function in _________. _____ region is involved in attention and emotional processing, ______ region is involved in motor planning and pain processing, _____ region is involved in memory retrieval and visual spaltial stuff

cingulate gyrus schizophrenics anterior medial posterior

_____ receives preprocessed sensation (tacile, vsual, auditory , visceral) then projects to cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, involved in anger and fear recognition.

Position is similar to hypothalamus but is more anterior, hippo campus will have a c shape in coronal view

amygdala

there are two pathways from thalamus to Amygdala, the ____ road goes from thalamus to sensory cortex then Amygdala and is more accurate and slow (realizing that a shadow is just a coat), ____ road goes direcyl from thalamus to amygdala and is fast (jumping at a shadow)

high low

the ______ can inhibt control of ______ _____ in high stress situations for rapid decision making

Amygdala prefrontal cortex

_____ ____ serve as relay of afferent cholinergics (acetylcholine) from ______ to hypothalamus, functions in ____ rage and _____ _____, also has efferent connections to _____ cortex

septal nuclei hippocampus septal emotional memory prefrontal

1 is the ______ _____, 2 is the _____ _____ aka the ventral striatum where the _____ and ____ meet, important for reward and pleasure, the ____ ____ _____ pass through both 1 and 2 and connects VTA and brain stem (electric stimulation of MFB = intense reward in animal studies)

septal nuclei nucleus accumbens caudate putamen medial forebrain bundle

anterograde amnesia with retrograde amnesia is most likely lesion in _______ and sonicated structures in medial temporal lobe

hippocampus

alcohol abuse, with malnutrition and dehydration, presents with delusions hallucinations, unable to recall why hes in hospital and doesn’t know age, mostly likely diagnoses is ______ syndrome

korsakoff

_____ _____ is primarly involved in addiction

nucleus accumbens

a patient with anterograde amnesia would have a lesion in the _____, they have would have weak skilled memory but unable to make episodic or declarative memories

hippocampus

patient presents with auditory hallucinations, sexual aggressiveness, destructive behavior, hypersomnolence, most likely ____ _____ syndrome (sleeping beuty syndrome), MRI shows patietn with tumor where _______ should be

klein levens hypothalamus

patients presents with difficulty findings words, hyper sexual behavior, flirtatious, patient most likely has damage to her _____ and ___ _____ syndrome, damage could be bilateral or unilateral

Amygdala kluver bucy

patient presents with apathy, confusion, memory difficulty, disorientation, sexual disinhibition, MRI shows white fattening in limbic system (amygala and hippocampus) , patient has _____ ______ where antibodies (gaba-b) target the limbic system, chest x ray showed lung masses which were cancerous

limbic encephalitis

Patient is unable to follow commands, and sometimes does not respond at all when asked questions. abscense of willpower and ability to act in decisive way. this is caused by problems with _____ _____

prefrontal cortex

voluntary smile comes from motor cortex, but spontaneous smile comes from _____ system and more specifically the ____ _____

limbic basal ganglia