mid term

What was the main goal of Spanish colonization in the Americas?

To convert Natives to Catholicism and extract wealth like gold and silver.

What was the Encomienda System?

A grant by the Spanish Crown allowing colonists to demand tribute and forced labor from indigenous peoples.

What was the primary focus of French and Dutch colonization?

The Fur Trade and maintaining amicable relationships with Native tribes.

What labor system was primarily used by British colonists until the late 17th century?

Indentured Servitude.

What shifted labor practices in British colonies after Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?

The shift from indentured servants to the permanent enslavement of Africans.

What significant change occurred in British colonial policies in 1763?

Britain ended 'Salutary Neglect' and began taxing the colonies.

What was the Great Compromise?

It resolved the conflict between the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan, creating a bicameral legislature.

How were seats in the House of Representatives determined?

Based on population.

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Enslaved people would be counted as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation.

What political factions emerged during the early republic, divided by their views on government power?

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.

What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 accomplish?

Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, prohibiting slavery north of the 36°30' latitude line.

What fuelled the Market Revolution?

Technological advancements like the Cotton Gin, Steamboats, and Erie Canal.

What was one consequence of Jacksonian Democracy?

Expanded voting rights while also leading to the Trail of Tears.

What was the goal of the Second Great Awakening?

To spark movements for Abolitionism, Women’s Rights, and Temperance.

What was the Compromise of 1850?

A series of bills to settle the 'Slavery Question' in new territories and included provisions like admitting California as a free state.

What was 'Popular Sovereignty' as applied in the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Residents of new territories would vote to decide the slavery issue.

What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Transformed the Civil War into a battle for the destruction of slavery.

What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments do?

They abolished slavery, granted citizenship, and provided voting rights to African Americans.

What were Black Codes?

Restrictive laws passed to limit the freedom of African Americans after the Civil War.

What does Sharecropping refer to?

A system where farmers worked land owned by someone else for a portion of the crops, often leading to debt.

What was the Compromise of 1877?

An agreement resolving the election of 1876, resulting in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and ending Reconstruction.