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What is feminist criminology?
focuses on women’s offending, victimization, and experiences in CJS
critiques traditional theories for overlooking gendered experiences and emphasizes power, patriarchy, and social context
Intersectionality
Focus on Power and Patriarchy
goals of feminist criminology
Expose gender biases in traditional criminology.
Address women’s unique experiences with crime and the justice system.
Develop gender-informed theories.
Promote equitable policies and social change.
What is the "Generalizability Problem"?
questions whether traditional criminological theories, created to explain male offending, can also explain female criminal behavior effectively
How does liberal feminism view crime?
sees crime as resulting from gender inequality and focuses on removing barriers through legal and political reform.
emphasizes equal opportunity in society and the CJS
What is Marxist feminism’s perspective on crime?
links women’s oppression to capitalism, where the economic system and patriarchy create a sexual division of labour, criminalizing actions threatening male economic dominance
capitalist societies as exploiting particularly through capitalism and private property
Women as “commodity”
Institute of nuclear family, sexual morality, virginity
Gender secondary to class
How does radical feminism explain crime?
Crime is rooted in patriarchy, which perpetuates male dominance. It focuses on male violence against women, such as domestic violence and sexual assault, as tools of control.
What is socialist feminism’s approach to crime?
Combines Marxist and radical perspectives, focusing on capitalism, patriarchy, and biological differences in reproduction. It advocates for control over reproductive rights and equitable roles in society.
Limitations of of feminist criminology
Overemphasis on patriarchy.
Limited attention to women’s violent crimes.
Reliance on criminal justice interventions.
Tensions between theory and empirical evidence.
What is the "Doing Gender" theory?
Vision of men is stereotypical and unidimensional in feminism, i.e., as dominant
Variations among men are ignored
Crime as “doing gender” by men ‘hegemonic masculinity”
Crime occurs when legitimate means of demonstrating masculinity are stifled
Why are women’s crime rates so low?
socialization into conformity
greater controls on behaviour
fewer opportunities for crime
victimization-related strains influence women’s lower crime rates compared to men
What is Foucauldian Criminology?
Foucault's ideas on power, surveillance, and discipline are foundational for understanding how institutions control behavior through mechanisms like prisons and laws.
