Immunology- Master Sheet

ACU Immunology. Exam 1 Content Currently

B cell=

= B lymphocyte

Immunoglobulin (lg)=

= Antibody (Ab)

T cell=

= T lymphocyte

Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs or T_c)=

=Killer T cells

Helper T cells=

=(TH)- TH1, TH2, TH17, T_FH

Regulatory T cells=

=Treg

Dendritic Cells=

=(DCs)

Natural Killer Cells=

=NK cells

Innate Lymphoid Cells=

=(ILCs)—ILC1, ILC2, ILC3

CD=

=Cluster of Differentiation (used to name cell surface molecules & can be used to distinguish cells)

IL=

=Interleukin

Antigen=

=(Ag)

Antigen (Ag)

Any molecule that can bind specifically to an antibody, B cell receptor, or generate peptide fragments that can bind a T cell receptor

Immunogen

Any molecule that is able to stimulate an adaptive immune response on injection into a person or animal

Not all antigens are

immunogens

Four Categories of Pathogens

Viruses, Intracellular bacteria, (Extracellular bacteria, archeae, protozoa), Fungi, and Parasites

Viruses example

Herpes simplex virus

Intracellular Bacteria example

Listeria monocytogenes

Extracellular bacteria, archeae, protozoa example

Staphylococcus aureus

Fungi example

Aspergillus fumigatus

Parasite example

Strongyloides stercoralis

Levels of Immune Defense

Anatomic barriers → Complement/antimicrobial proteins → Innate immune cells → Adaptive Immunity

Anatomic barriers

skin, oral mucosa, respiratory epithelium, intestine

Complement/antimicrobial proteins

C3, defensins, RegIII_y

Innate immune cells

Macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells, epithelial cells

Adaptive immunity cells

B cells/antibodies, T cells

Origin of Natural Killer Cells

multipotent hematopoietic stem cell → common lymphoid progenitor (CLP)→ NK cell

Natural killer (NK) cell

Releases lytic granules that kill some virus-infected cells and tumor cells

Principles of Innate Immunity 1-1

Commensal organisms cause little host damage while pathogens damage host tissues by a variety of mechanisms