Anatomy Exam 2 (lower extremity + pelvis)

How many bones are there in the foot?

26

How many tarsals are there?

7

Name each tarsal and their second name

Calcaneous - Os Calcis

Talus - Astragalus

Cuboid

1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms

Navicular - Scaphoid

What is the largest tarsal?

Calcaneous

What is the second largest tarsal?

Talus

What tarsal is the most superior?

Talus

Is the cuboid on the medial or lateral side of the foot?

Lateral

Is the navicular on the medial or lateral side of the foot?

Medial

What is the Jones fracture?

Fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal

What is the longest bone in the body?

Femur

What is a common site for bone spurs and the attachment for the achilles tendon?

Calcaneal tuberosity

What is the second longest bone in the body?

Tibia

Is the fibula on the medial or lateral side of the body?

Lateral

What is Osgood Schlatters disease? (short answer)

The tibial tuberosity separates from the body of the tibia

What is a Pott’s fracture?

Fracture of the lateral malleolus of fibula

What bones form the ankle joint?

Tibia, fibula, and talus

What is the joint space of the ankle called?

Ankle mortise

What is the ankle joint classification?

D/S/Saddle

What is the joint classiciation of the distal tibiofibular joint?

Amphiarthrodial/ Fibrous

What is the joint classiciation of the proximal tibiofibular joint?

D/S/Gliding

What is the joint classiciation of the interphalangeal joint?

D/S/Hinge

What is the joint classiciation of the intertarsal joint?

D/S/ gliding

What is the joint classiciation of the femorotibial knee joint?

D/S/Bicondylar

What is the joint classiciation of the patellofemoral joint?

D/S/ saddle

What is the joint classiciation of the sacroiliac joint?

Amphiarthrodial/ Synovial

What is the joint classiciation of the pubic symphysis?

Amphiarthrodial/ cartilaginous

What is the joint classiciation of the hip?

D/S/ ball and socket

The subtalar joint is also known as?

Talocalcaneal joint

Describe how the femur slopes in the body and the angle

Slopes medially, 5-15 degrees

What type of bone is the patella?

Sesamoid bone

What is the fabella and where is it located?

Small sesamoid bone on posterior aspect of knee

What 2 bones does the knee primarily involve?

Femur and tibia

Where is the intertrochanteric crest found?

Posterior surface, between the greater and lesser trochanters

What bones make up the pelvis? (short answer)

Right and left hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx

What bones does the pelvic girdle consist of?

Right and left hip bones

What are other names for the hip bones? (at least 2)

Os coxae, coxal bones, and innominate bones

What are the 3 divisions of the hip bone? (short answer)

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

What is the largest division of the hip bone?

Ilium

The acetabulum consists of what 3 bones (and their ratios)?

Ilium (2/5), ischium (2/5), and pubis (1/5)

What is the pelvic brim?

A plane that divides the pelvis into 2 cavities

What is the pelvic brim defined by anteriorly and posteriorly?

Anteriorly: Superior portion of pubic symphysis

Posteriorly: Superior prominent part of sacrum

What is the false or greater pelvis?

Area superior to the plane of the pelvic brim

What are the limits of the greater pelvis anteriorly and posteriorly?

Anteriorly: abdominal muscles

Posteriorly: Alae of ilium

What is the lesser or true pelvis?

The area inferior to the pelvic brim, forms the birth canal

What are the 3 sections of the lesser pelvis? (short answer)

1. Inlet

2. Outlet

3. Cavity

List 4 characteristics of a female pelvis (short answer)

1. Wider pelvis

2. Alae broader and more flared out

3. Wider angle of pubic arch (greater than 90)

4. Larger, round inlet

List 3 characteristics of a male pelvis (short answer)

1. Narrower and less flared alae

2. Narrower angle of pubic arch (less than 90)

3. Heart-shaped inlet

What is an open book fracture and what is it caused by? (short answer)

Pubic symphysis separates. High energy trauma with an anteroposterior force (MVC, fall from substantial height)

What is the treatment for an open book fracture? (short answer)

Pelvic binder or external fixation, OR Open reduction with internal fixation