Cardiovascular System

How many chambers and valves does the heart have?

Which ventricle is the largest?

what is the bottom of the blood called?

Where are all the holes of the heart?

4 chambers and 4 valves to prevent backflow

left ventricle

Apex

the top

What takes blood away from the heart?

What brings back blood to heart?

arteries ( the largest is aorta)

veins ( through the inferior and superior vena cava)

What is the job of the cardiovascular system?

1. Deliver nutrient to All living cells

Nutrient: glucose, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals (remove waste)

2. Deliver oxygen from the lungs to the living cells (for respiration)

3. Protection against microscopic invaders

4. Remove waste products from cells

5. help regulate internal temperature

6. Deliver Hormones

What is the job of the heart ?

a cardiac muscle, it job is to pump blood

it has 2 circuits

pulmonary and systemic

4 chambers and 4 valve

RIGHT SIDE BRINGS BLOOD TO THE LUNGS

LEFT SIDE BRING BLOOD TO THE BODY

The heart is a muscle that uses a lot of oxygen and therefore need what?

a complete blood supply to and therefore needs a complete blood supply to itself

they are called the coronary artery

It constantly recycled ( liver's job to recycle old blood cells while kidneys filter junk out of the of the blood

blood

What is the job of the blood?

1.RBCs deliver oxygen

2.WBCs fight infections/pathogens

3. Platelets Clot Wounds

5. Deliver hormones

6.Deliver nutrients like glucose and other necessary ions

7.helps regulate body

Blood is basic what is it PH

what is the average liter in male and female

between 7.35-7.45

male have 5 to 6 liters of blood

female have 4 to 5 liter of blood

What are the smallest tubes in the heart called?

capillaries- these are the ONLY site of gas exchange!!

- 1mm short

how many miles of blood vessels is in the average person?

What makes RBCs, WBCs and platelets?

Plasma is the liquid portion of what?

True or F - Human have closed CV system in all tubes

About how much liters does an average person have?

60,000

bone marrow

Blood

True

5 liters

Which of the 2 circuit is this?

blood enters the heart in the right atrium from the body oxygenated, this blood is pumped from the right ventricle to both lungs where carbon dioxide diffuses to lungs and oxygen diffuses to the blood. The blood then returns to the left atrium oxygenated.

Pulmonary circuit

Which of the 2 circuit is this?

Oxygenated blood moves from the left atrium to the left ventricle where it is then pumped out of the heart via the aorta. This blood delivers oxygen to working tissues all over the body via arteries and eventually capillaries. veins return to the heart via the inferior and superior vena cava

Systemic circuit

what makes up 55% of your blood, carries over 100 different substances like electrolytes/salt, proteins, nutrients gases like carbon dioxide, waste product and hormones?

plasma

What is the average heart rate at rest?

What is the heart rate when the heart is out of the body?

What is the size of the heart and where is it located?

70-72 bpm

100 bpm intrinsic

about the size of a first, sits posterior to the sternum with slight to left

What is the heart's pacemaker cells in the right atrium called?

What slows down the heart to 70 bpm when it wants to beat 100 bpm?

T or F- Fit people have lower resting HR, less fit, injured, and sick have higher resting HR?

What put the heart under constant parasympathetic tone?

SA node

vagus nerve

T

vagus nerve

What are the 2 opposite nervous system that control the body's involuntary responses?

Parasympathetic NS- rest and digest (slow down HR by telling the SA node to chill. if not, the HR would be 100)

Sympathetic NS- "fight or flight (speeds up HR)

What happen to the heart rate if you try to move/exercise?

the parasympathetic system will turn off and the sympathetic system will turn on at anything over 100 bpm

(theoretical maximum HR is calculated by 220-your age)

What is the proper way in which blood is squeezed ?

from atria to ventricle then ventricles to either circuit

What is the process of the electrical conduction system of the hearts?

1. SA node depolarizes

2. both atria carry wave of depolarization causing atria to contract

3. AV collects and transmit depolarization

4. Bundle of His carries signal to bundle branches

5. Bundle branches carry signals to Purkinje which make heart muscle contract

6. Purkinje fibers pass depolarization to individual myocardium cells, these cells will pass the signal from bottom toward the top.

P wave

atrial depolarization

mechanically = atria contract

PR segment

Bundle of His take signal from AV node

mechanically brief pause while ventricles filling

QRS complex

bundle branches carry signal to ventricle depolarization

mechanically= ventricle contract

ST- segment

electrically nothing

mechanically= ventricles emptying

T wave

ventricle re-polarization

mechanically= ventricle relax

What do we look for when determining healthy/unhealthy EKG?

1. Check HR/rhythm, is it regular, too, too slow?

2. abnormalities in size or existence of waves

What conditions is when the heart is below 60 bpm?

Bradycardia

when the HR is faster than a 100 bpm?

Tachycardia

when the SA node does NOT fire

Sinus Arrhythmia

When signal gets to one ventricle and not the other, QRS is uneven

Bundle Branch Block

When there is no consistent pattern, BAD

atrial or ventricular fibrillation

Why is the QRS larger than the P wave?

Why is the QRS steeper?

ventricles are larger

because electric signal moves much faster thu bundles branches.

myocardial infarction

heart attack, occurs when a coronary artery becomes clogged therefore reducing the circulation to heart muscle tissue. Less circulation=less oxygen=death of muscle of tissue

What are the components of blood?

Plasma

WBC (leukocytes)

RBC (erythrocytes)

Platelets

Which Blood cells is 4-6 million per cubic mm?

RBC

Which Blood cells helps transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide makes up 45% percent of you blood=hematocrit?

RBC

Which Blood cells require the protein hemoglobin which has iron to to carry oxygen?

RBCs

this blood cell has 250 million hemoglobin molecules, each of which 4 molecules of oxygen

RBC

which blood cell must stay in the bloodstream (cannot leave for tissue)

Dot Not have a nucleus and live 100-120 days and the old one is broken by liver

RBC

Which blood cell have carbon monoxide poisoning

CO has a stronger affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen, so it hogs the binding sites forcing oxygen out which is called out ?

RBC

suffocation

Which blood cell Fight infections and have 5 types (NLMEB) it can also leave the blood to fight infection in tissues

WBC

What is the name of the process of new blood cells being formed?

it means to make new blood

hematopoiesis

what are the 3 stages of hemostasis

1. vascular spasm ( vasoconstriction)

2. platelet plug formation- exposed collagen attracts platelets, which release a chemical making them stickier for more platelets to adhere

3. coagulation-thrombin is formed and creates a mesh that RBC and platelets get stuck in.

Which blood cells carry antigens which are proteins accepted by your body but would be attacked if in another body

how many types of antigens are there and how many matters for most rejection purposes?

RBC

30 antigens and 2 matter

1. ABO antigens you an have either A,B,both AB, or neither O from your parents.

The boy creates antibodies for whatever antigens you Don't have

2. Rh factor- you can either have this antigen + or you don't -

+ and receive - but neg can not receive positive

What type is the universal donor?

What type is the universal receiver?

O

AB

What is the # one cause of death in the U.S?

CVD

Which risk factor is at risk when direct relation has heart attack before age 55 male relative (65 for female relative)

Family history

Which risk factor is high cholesterol if total over 200mg/dl

1. diet and CV exercise

2. medications

would be preferred under 180

Hyperlipidemia

Which risk factor has types 1 and 2

is type to reversible?

Diabetes

yes

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)

LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)

What is arteriosclerosis?

is good

bad

build of plaque

Which risk factor involveso the nicotine narrowing blood vessels increases BP

Smoking

Which is factor is the measurement of body fat % and when the Body Mass index is not accurate?

Obesity

Which risk factor is is High blood Pressure

Hypertension

which term means ventricle contracting

Which term means ventricle relaxed and filling ?

systolic

Diastolic

What are the causes of high BP?

1. stress/ sympathic NS

2. genetics

3. poor diet

4. too much salt

5. exercising (during the activity)

6. smoking

7. caffeine

What are Cardiovascular Risk?

1. family history

2. hyperlipidemia

3. smoking

4. obesity

5. hypertension

6. diabetes

7. physical inactivity

Which blood vessel function is to take blood away from the heart largest aorta

arteries

Which blood vessel function is to to bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart

veins

Which blood vessel function is to transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems

capillaries

Which blood vessel wall consist of 3 layers and is thick

Arteries

Which blood vessel wall is formed by one layer and is thin

arteries

Which blood vessel wall composed of 3 layers and is thin

veins

Which blood vessel have small lumen

arteries

which blood vessel have very small lumen

capillaries

Which blood vessel have larger lumen

veins

Which blood vessel have higher blood pressure

arteris

Which blood vessel have a low pressure of 30-40 mm-Hg

capillaries

Which blood vessel have a low pressure of 8 and 10 mm-Hg

veins

which blood vessels don have no valves

arteries

capillaries

which blood vessel have valves

veins