Chapter 16 - Local Factors Contributing to Periodontal Disease

local contributing factors

oral conditions that increase an individual’s susceptibility to periodontal infection; does not initiate

primary etiologic factor

root causes of condition that initiates pathologic effect (ig. plaque)

local (intraoral) contributing factor

secondary factor present in oral cavity (ig. enamel pearls, overhang, crowding)

disease site for periodontal disease

individual tooth or specific surface of tooth

calculus

mineralized bacterial plaque biofilm; covered by nonmineralized, viable bacterial plaque biofilm on external surface; mineralization cna begin from 48 hours up to 2 weeks after biofilm formation

brushite

newly formed calculus deposit

octacalcium phosphate

primary form in deposits less than 6 months old

hydroxyapatite

primary form in deposits older than 6 months

attachment to pellicle, attachment to tooth irregularities, attachment by direct contact to the tooth

what are the 3 modes of calculus attachment to tooth surface?

pellicle

thin, bacterial-free membrane that forms on tooth surface during late stages of eruption

palatoradicular groove

developmental anomaly extending from palatal surface to root surface; most often seen on max lateral incisors

root convacity

natural feature found on mesial root of max 1st premolar; can make self-care challenging if exposed in oral cavity

cervical enamel projection (cep)

flat, triangular shaped projection of enamel - apical deviation of the cej toward direction of furcation entrance; not easily discernable on radiograph; often found on root trunks of molar teeth

enamel pearl

well-defined ectopic, spherical enamel deposit found on root surface; often found on root trunks of molar teeth

malocclusion

developmental anomaly associated with irregular alignment of teeth; predisposes area to biofilm retention and gingival inflammation

dental caries

rough areas of enamel act as protected environment for bacterial to grow undisturbed; caused by untreated tooth decay; managemenet paramount to managing periodontal condition

factitious injury

damage to oral tissues deliberately caused by patient with premeditated, malingering intent

malingering

intentional injury to tissues to deliberately feign or exaggerate symptom with goal of receiving reward

functional occlusal forces

normal forces during the act of chewing food

parafunctional occlusal forces

result from tooth-to-tooth contact when not in the act of eating - clenching, bruxism

primary trauma from occlusion

injury to healthy periodontium due to excessive occlusal forces; may be caused by improperly installed prosthetic; changes are reversible if trauma is removed

secondary trauma from occlusion

injury from normal or excessive occlusal forces applied to previously damaged periodontium; affected tooth more susceptible to rapid bone loss and pocket formation