Population Genetics III: Non-Random Mating, Selection Flashcards

Flashcards on Non-Random Mating, Selection, and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium from Dr. Laci Gerhart's Intro Bio: Ecology and Evolution Lecture.

How does severe inbreeding affect genotype frequencies relative to HWE expectations?

A reduction in heterozygous individuals.

List five evolutionary mechanisms that can cause a population to deviate from HWE.

Mutation, gene flow, drift, non-random mating, natural selection.

Explain why small populations are more susceptible to HWE violations.

Small populations are more susceptible to genetic drift and founder effects, leading to deviations from HWE.

How does phenotype effect allele frequency?

An allele’s phenotypic effects determine how quickly natural selection can change its frequency in a population.

Define inbreeding in the context of non-random mating.

Preference for similar genotypes or phenotypes.

Define outbreeding in the context of non-random mating.

Preference for different genotypes or phenotypes.

What is the result of continual inbreeding?

The loss of heterozygosity.

Describe the trend of heterozygosity over generations with self-fertilization.

The frequency of heterozygotes decreases by half in each generation.

What is the consequence of inbreeding on recessive deleterious alleles?

Increases the likelihood of homozygous recessive individuals expressing deleterious traits.

What is the initial frequency of each genotype, given p=0.1 and q=0.9, under HWE?

BB = 0.01, Bb = 0.18, bb = 0.81

Why might the percentage of carbonaria moths not directly track reductions in pollution?

Lag may be due to factors such as the longevity of the moths, genetic lag, or other selective pressures.

How does natural selection operate?

Natural selection operates on phenotypes.

Why does a recessive allele's frequency increase slowly?

When a beneficial allele is recessive, all alleles in heterozygotes are masked by the dominant allele

What is the effect of inbreeding on Avena fatua?

Inbreeding can cause genotype frequencies to deviate from H-W equilibrium