Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution collectively known as?

The Bill of Rights

Which type of crime are the police primarily concerned with stopping?

Street crime

Who has the authority to make arrests and to legitimately use force?

Sworn officers

Which piece of legislation gave the government new powers in collecting information on citizens?

The USA Patriot Act

What are the goals police hope to achieve called?

Ends

What is an example of using illegal means to achieve 'good ends'?

Planting evidence to catch a known drug dealer

What is called an individual’s internal sense of proper conduct?

Morality

What influences discretionary decisions made by police officers while performing their duties?

Ethical standards

What are the methods employed by police when pursuing their goals called?

Means

What type of police behavior does the media tend to focus on?

Bad behavior

Illegal and/or unethical means are referred to as what type of means?

Dirty means

What is the best source of knowledge about the police?

Research

When officers use their own judgment in making decisions about how to handle a situation, they are using their what?

Discretion

What involves the systematic collection and analysis of data?

Research

What is an example of a discretionary decision for police?

Ticketing a motorist

What is a way for police departments to increase transparency?

The use of Body Worn Cameras

What is unique to policing and separates it from all other occupations?

The authority to use force in many situations

What is an example of an unethical but legal police action?

Lying to a suspect in an interrogation

When a person with a poor perception of the police interacts with the police, how are they likely to rate their experience?

Negatively

When government power is increased, what happens to the rights of citizens?

They decrease

What provides greater transparency and accountability over police actions in situations where deadly force may be used?

Body cameras

What strongly influences citizens’ evaluations of interactions with police officers?

Previously held beliefs about the police

Who typically hires and fires police chiefs in many cities?

Mayors

Effectively policing a free society is what?

A challenge

Where do police spend a majority of their time?

Public

What does the Federal Bureau of Investigation combat significantly?

Predatory crimes

Discretionary decision-making is what in policing?

Common

What is the most controversial discretionary decision made by police officers?

Use of force

What has been highly controversial regarding police actions?

The use of deadly force against unarmed subjects

What is an example of a police action that does not have 'good ends'?

Soliciting sex

What were the first appointed law enforcement officials in Colonial America called?

Constables

What was a group of armed male citizens summoned by the sheriff during the settlement of the American West called?

The posse

Where was the first police department in the United States created?

Boston

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery?

The 13th Amendment

What limited the rights of African American citizens after the Civil War?

Black codes

Which law enforcement agency served as the model for American police departments in the mid-1800s?

London Metropolitan Police Department

During the mid-1800s, most police agencies in the U.S. operated at what level?

Local

What were the first women hired by U.S. police departments called in the late 1800s?

Police matrons

What Supreme Court ruling led to a substantial drop in the number of Black police officers?

Civil Rights Act of 1875

During which era of policing was corruption widespread and tied to political party affiliation?

Political era

What method of identification used by police involved 11 measurements of a person?

Bertillonage system

What were specialized police officers created in the late 1800s called?

Detectives

What was the compensation called for historical detectives providing testimony in court?

Witness fee

What method involved 'rounding up the usual suspects'?

Dragnet

Historically, what was the practice of using force against suspects during interrogation called?

The third degree

What was the first state-level police agency created in 1905?

Pennsylvania

Which federal agency created in 1909 has developed a crime laboratory and provides training?

Federal Bureau of Investigation

During which decade did the crime rate in the U.S. double and notable policing decisions occur?

1960s

What concept involves community input in crime problem-solving?

Problem-oriented policing

What era of policing is characterized by new research on police, crime, and criminal justice issues?

Community problem-solving era

What often resulted from the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 regarding police?

They became more militarized

Who is largely credited with creating the London Metropolitan Police Department?

Sir Robert Peel

What early criminal justice research finding indicated motorized patrols do not prevent crime?

Motorized patrols do not prevent crime.

In what year did the Supreme Court rule against prolonged beatings in extracting confessions?

1936

What did Herman Goldstein argue regarding problem-oriented policing?

Police should be more problem-oriented and less incident driven.

What is referred to as the number of distinct units and supervisory levels in an organization?

Specialization

What unit is tasked with investigating complaints against officers?

Internal Affairs

Which type of law enforcement agency is responsible for enforcing laws in towns without their own police departments?

Sheriff's Department

Which federal department includes the primary law enforcement agencies?

Department of Justice