better ap latin endings

-o,-s,-t,-mus,-tis,-nt

Indicative Present Active

How is the indicative present active tense translated?

is verbing

-bam,-bas,-bat,-bamus,-bitis,-bant

Indicative Imperfect Active

How is the indicative imperfect active tense translated

Is/was verbing

-i,-isti,-it,-imus,-istis,-nt

Indicative Perfect Active

-eram,-eras,-erat,-eramus, -eratis, -erant

Indicative Pluperfect Active

Hows is the indicative pluperfect active translated?

Had verbed

Present stem ONLY

Imperative

How is the imperative case translated?

Verb!

2nd principle part (-āre, -ēre, -ere, -īre)

Present Active Infinitive

How is the present infinitive translated?

To verb

(-bō, -bīs, —bit, -bimus, bitis, -bunt) OR (-am, -ēs, -et, -ēmus, -etis, -ent)

Indicative Future Active

How is the indicative future active tense translated?

Will verb

-ero, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint

Indicative Future Perfect Active

How is the indicative future perfect active tense translated?

Will have verbed

2nd Principle part + -āre, -ēri, -ī, -irī

Present Passive Infinitive

How is the present passive infinitive translated?

To be verbed

4th principle part + sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
ex: scriptus est

Indicative Perfect Passive

How is the indicative perfect passive translated?

Was verbed or have been verbed

-bōr, -bīris, -bitur, -bimur, -bimini, -buntur

Indicative Future Passive

How is the indicative future passive translated?

Will be verbed

4th principle part + eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erunt

Indicative Pluperfect Passive

How is the indicative pluperfect passive translated?

Had been verbed

How is the indicative future perfect passive translated?

Will have been verbed

4th prinicple part + ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt

Indicative Future Perfect Passive

-r, -ris, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur

Indicative Present Passive

How is the indicative present passive translated?

Is/are being verbed

-bar, -baris, -batur, -bamur, -bamini, -bantur

Indicative Imperfect Passive

How is the indicative imperfect passive translated?

was/were being verbed

3rd principle part + -isse

Perfect Active Infinitive

How is the perfect active infinitive translated?

to have verbed

How is the perfect passive infinitive translated?

to have been verbed

4th prinicple part + esse

Perfect Passive Infinitive

Verb + -ns, -nt(noun endings)

Present Active Participle (PAP)

How is the present active participle translated?

(Verb)ing

Present stem + ( I-e, eā, -ā, -ia) + personal ending ( o, s, t., mus, tis, nt)
ex: scriptet

Subjunctive Present Active

How is the subjunctive present active translated?

might verb

Present stem + (-e, -eā, -ā, -ia) + passive endings (r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur)

Subjunctive Present Passive

How is the subjunctive present passive translated?

might be verbed

whole inifinitive + personal endings ( o, s, t., mus, tis, nt)
ex: scriptaret

Subjunctive Imperfect Active

How is the subjunctive imperfect active translated?

could verb

2nd prinicple part + passive endings

Imperfect passive subjunctive

How is the subjunctive imperfect passive translated?

Could be verbed

Perfect stem + -isse- + personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur)
ex: scripsisset

Subjunctive Pluperfect Active

How is the subjunctive pluperfect active translated?

could have verbed

4th principle part + -ur- + 2-1-2 adjective endings (1st f, 2nd m, 2nd m endings)
ex: scripturus, scripturarum

Future Active Particple (FAP)

how is the future active participle translated?

about to/going to verb

Verb + nd + 2-1-2 adjective endings (1st f, 2nd m, 2nd m endings)
ex; scriptandus, scriptandarum

Future Passive Participle (FPP) / Gerundive

How is the future passive participle/gerundive translated?

(FPP) - about to be (verb)ed
Gerundive - to be (verb)ed

Syncopation

used to keep beat in meter of epic poetry, only for 2nd pl genative and 3rd perfect