AP World Unit B

China, India, Greece

What was the natural barrier for the Indus valley civilization?

The himalayas

Why is our history of the Harappans limited? (indus valley civilization)

there is no way to decode the written language on the seals

what region was the indus valley civilization?

South Asia

what caused the harappan decline?

Some sort of natural disaster, a flood or earthquake

were the harappans monotheistic or polytheistic?

polytheisitc

what did Purusha do (India)

creation myth, created the 4 castes

what was lower than all the castes in India

untouchables

who was the big leader of the mauryan empire

ashoka maurya

what did ashoka maurya acomplish

takes over almost all of south asia, big military

what religion did ashoka like and support? how did he support it?

Buddhism, he built stuppas along the silk road which promoted buddhism

what did ashoka make out of rock?

rock pillars and edicts

was there a single founder of hinduism

no there was not

what is the caste system called in hinduism

varna

what type of religion did hindus have

henotheistic-worship a main single diety but recognize other gods

what is the golden age of India

during the Gupta empire

what religious texts does Hinduism have

Vedas and Mahabharata

Brahma

diety

brahman

supreme being

brahmin

individual priest

Atman

spark/essence that does not die (everyone has it)

samsara

basically reincarnation your atman moves up or down the castes

moksha

eventually the atman moves up the castes until reaching brahman (enlightenment)

dharma

path or righteousness (do your duty)

karma

collection of your deeds throughout like (good or bad)

puja

ritualized prayer

the 3 main gods of hinduism

brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver/protector) , shiva (destruction)

what south asian religion created yoga and what god is associated with it

hinduism, shiva

ahimsa

everything has a soul

did jainism recognize catste

no so it appealed to low castes

did jainism have a lot of followers? why or why not?

no, it is a very hard religion to practice

tirthankaras

enlightened beings

how many vows did jainism have?

5

ahimsa

non violence

satya

truthfulness

brahmacharya

control over desires (chastisity)

aparigraha

nonposession, no material attatchment

asteya

no stealing

who founded buddhism+backstory

siddhartha guatama, prince with sheltered life saw suffering and wanted to find a way to end it so he meditated under a tree and eventually reached enlightenment and became the buddha

ascetic life

search for enlightenment

two main teachings of buddhism

4 noble truths and eightfold path

what were the four noble truths

all life involves suffering, desire is the cause of suffering, elimination of desire ends suffering, following eightfold path brings the elimination of desire

what hebrew law code is similar to the eightfold path

10 commandments

who did buddhism appeal to

low castes

3 types of buddhism

Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan

what is enlightenment called for buddhism

nirvana

can you reach enlightenment in one lifetime in buddhism and hinduism

you can reach enlightenment in one lifetime ib buddhism but not in hinduism because your atman has to go thrpugh samsara

syncretism

cultures and ideas coming together and blending

what was the shang dynasty known for

oracle bone writing

what is the mandate of heaven and how did people know when it was no longer given to someone

gods give you permission to rule, if there is a natural disaster or war then you may no longer have it

what age was china in during the zhou dynasty

iron age

what was the longest lasting chinese dynasty

the zhou dynasty

what big technology did the shang dynasty have (think race in percy jackson)

chariots + wheel technology

did the zhou dynasty have feudalism

yes it did

what period of time did confucius live in

the warring states period

what was the real name of confucius

k’ung fu-tzu

what made confucius create schools+philosophy

he was an advisor to emperors and realized they were driven by PSI and wanted leaders to be moral

how did confucius want rulers to rule 

by example rather than force

what is the confucian main teaching xiao

fililial piety/ devotion to family

what is the confucian main teaching ren

the golden rule

what is the confucian main teaching junzi

be a moral and ethical (mature) person

what is the confucian main teaching te

the powers rulers have

what is the confucian main teaching Li

standard of conduct

what is the confucian main teaching cheng ming

rectification of names (words carry weight)

what is the confucian main teaching wen

respect for art

what is the collection of cunfucian teachings called

the analects

what exam must you to get government jobs when you are Confucian

the civil service exam

what type of government did confucius/civil service exam create

meritocracy

what han dynasty emperor declared conficuanism the state religion

han wudi

what second philosopy/religion developed in response to confucianism

daoism

who founded daoism

lao tzu

what is the main text of daoism

daodejing

what is dao

natural flow of the universe

what is the Daoist idea ch’i

energy present in and guiding everything living

wu wei (daoism)

non action (go with the flow)

yin and yang (daoism)

complementary forces in nature (sun +moon NOT good and evil)

who were the xiongnu people

nomadic, attacked han dynasty a lot until the han dynasty paid them to stop attacking them

who was the emperor of the qin dynasty

qin shi Huangdi

what type of government did the qin dynasty have (b)

bureaucracy

what two big things did Qin Shi Huangdi build

the great wall and funeral complex with terracotta warriors

what philosoply/type of leadership did the qin dynasty have

legalist ideas

what did shi huangdi use to count who could work on arcitecture for him

census

how much of china did Qin Shi Huangdi conquer

all of it

why was legalism created

after the warring states period it was seen as the only way to bring order back to society

what did legalists do to confucian and daoism scholars

they killed them and burned books

what was the legalist view on people

they are evil and will only do the right thing if coerced

what is the key tenant of legalism fa

written and published part of law code

what is the key tenant of legalism shi

legitimacy of the law (power comes from the position not the person filling it)

what is the key tenant of legalism shu

techniques to get what you want if you are a gov official

who founded the Han dynasty

lui bang

what was the philosophy/religion of the han dynasty

confucianism

what was a big thing traded during han dynasty and what trade route

silk, silk road

what was the jade gate (han dynasty)

marks westernmost area of chinese dynasties (once you go through the dynasties cannot protect you anymore)

what region were the minoans in

greece

who was king of the minoans

king minos

what island were the minoans located on

crete

why is there limited history of minoans

linear A and B can’t be deciphered much like Harappans

what came after the minoans

the myceneans

what age was the mycenean society during

bronze age

what type of societies did the myceneans have

military societies with walls

what author was prominent during the mycenean age and what did he write

Homer and he wrote the Iliad and the Odessey