AP World History Cumulative Exam Study Guide

AP World History Cumulative Exam Review Flashcards

What discredited early 20th-century notions of race?

The horrors of the Nazi regime

What effect did the Bretton Woods system have on globalization after World War II?

It established rules for commercial and financial dealings among major capitalist countries.

What resulted from the advent of the moving assembly line?

Workers lost control over the pace of their work.

What was a product of industrialization?

Education became the job of the state.

Beginning in the 1960s, what was identified as a key issue in Western feminism by women of color?

Ending racism and poverty

What was the first step in the end of the communist era?

The death of Mao Zedong in China

What was the result of the reforms instituted under Deng Xiaoping in China in the 1980s?

Rapid economic growth based on capitalist models

What describes a major change in international relations in the 1980s and 1990s?

The reduction of confrontations between communists and non-communist countries

What resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?

The wars in Asia and Europe merged into a single global war

What contributed to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century?

Nationalist-inspired independence movements in Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania

In the nineteenth century, which group in the Ottoman Empire advocated a program of radical secularization and modernization along European lines?

Young Turks

What was a result of the reform program launched by the Japanese leadership in the late nineteenth century?

A radical transformation of the social structure of Japan

Which was a consequence of nineteenth-century European imperialism on colonized societies?

The integration of colonial economies into a global network of exchange

What was most of the European capital invested in Latin America used to finance?

Railroads

What is true of the women's movement by the early 1900s?

In most industrialized countries of the West, it became a mass movement

What was an effect of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world?

Slave owners and whites were filled with a deep caution and fear

Why have the Atlantic revolutions been described as democratic revolutions?

Their overall thrust was to extend political rights further than ever before

What marked a major turning point in the relationship between China and Christian missionaries?

The pope's claim of authority over Chinese Christians

What is an example of how Mughal India handled religious differences in the early modern era?

Akbar formulated a state cult that combined elements of Islam, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism.

What is a principle or practice upheld in Sikhism?

Equality of men and women

What characterizes how European countries sought to control trade in Asia from 1450 to 1750?

By force of arms and conquest

What was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World?

They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.

What is an example of the Mongol rulers' policy toward people in the conquered territories?

Chinese and Muslim officials were allowed to hold advisory positions in government.

What happened to the Mongols in Persia in the fourteenth century?

The Mongols assimilated into Persian society.

What was a long-term effect of the Black Death on European society?

Labor shortages that weakened serfdom

What was a European colonial view that shaped the development of African identity in the nineteenth century?

The notion of an Africa divided into tribes

What highlights the relationship between imperialism and nationalism?

Colonies as symbols of "Great Power" status

How did the Mongols contribute to the globalization of the Eurasian world?

In providing a secure environment for traders, they facilitated long-distance international commerce.

How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism?

They blended their old customs into Catholic practices.

What was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the Americas?

The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents

What describes what happened to the native populations of the steppes and Siberia as a consequence of Russian imperial expansion?

Assimilation

How did the slave trade affect African states?

Some African states depended on revenues from the slave trade

Which describes the role that Europeans played in the economy of the early modern era?

They were essentially middlemen funneling American silver to Asia

How did the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s affect the global economy?

The value of silver around the world skyrocketed

In what way did nineteenth-century developments in the sciences depart from Enlightenment principles?

They emphasized conflict and struggle as the motors of progress

What was a result of the end of slavery in the Atlantic world?

New forms of dependent labor like share cropping emerged

Which groups benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century Britain?

The middle classes

Which group in the United States in the early twentieth century supported reforms to improve working conditions and called for greater governmental intervention in the economy?

The progressives

What describes a feature of Karl Marx's vision of the society he predicted would emerge after the collapse of capitalism?

A society without classes and conflict

In what respect were Ethiopia's and Siam's (Thailand) encounters with European imperialism in the long nineteenth century similar?

Both avoided the colonization to which their neighbors succumbed.

How did Charles Darwin's ideas on evolution influence Western imperialism?

They were used to justify the displacement or destruction of "weak" races.

What reflects the effect of colonial rule in Africa on the lives of women?

Women of impoverished families became heads of household in the absence of men.

What was the significance of the opium trade in China in the nineteenth century?

It reversed the trade imbalance in favor of Britain.

Which was a more prominent feature of World War II than World War I?

The blurring of the line between civilian and military targets

What did Japan, Italy, and Germany share in the 1930s?

Aggressive ambition for conquest and empire building

What represents a response among many Latin American countries to the global repercussions of the Great Depression?

Import substitution industrialization

What best supports the argument that colonialism was responsible for the lack of economic development in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East in the late twentieth century?

The tendency of former colonies to export raw materials

What did many 18th century Enlightenment thinkers and Karl Marx have in common?

Shared a commitment to reason, progress, and human freedom, as well as the belief that humans could improve themselves and society through education, rational thinking, and social reform.

What was a distinctive feature of environmental movements in the Global South?

The involvement of poor people

During the late twentieth century, some regions within the developed world reinvented themselves as hubs for education, health care, and information technology because of what situation?

A decline in manufacturing within those regions