Lab Exam 1

what unit systems are used in compounding?

apothecary and metric

when are approximate equivalents such as dram symbol used?

• when translating directions into patient language

• in already made (manufactured) products

• NOT in compounding

define percentage error

maximum potential error x 100 / quantity desired

prescription

an order for medication issued by a physician, dentist, or other properly licensed medical practitioner

what does ASA stand for?

aspirin

what does APAP stand for?

acetaminophen

what does aa qs stand for?

of each to make a sufficient quanity

commonly used verbs for SIG interpretation

• take

• inhale

• give

• place

• instill

• unwrap and insert

always use ________ measuring devices

calibrated

how do you use BSA?

find patient weight and height and connect with straight line— see where the line crosses in the middle

what is drug dosage based on?

age and weight

when is BSA used?

• chemotherapy

• pediatric patients

• burn patients

what is a legend drug?

a prescription drug

• drugs considered useful only after expert diagnosis OR too dangerous for use in self medication are made available upon the prescription of a licensed requirement

• called “legend” bc it is a req that the label has the legend: “caution: federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription”, Rx only, or similar phrase

how are prescriptions to be transmitted and received in Ohio?

a pharmacist may receive a signed hard copy prescription, an oral prescription, a facsimile of a signed prescription, or a prescription sent using a board approved electronic prescription transmission system

what info is required in a prescription?

• full name & address of patient

• date of issue

• name and address of prescriber

• name, strength, dosage form, and quantity of drug product prescribed

• directions for use

• number of refills

• prescriber’s signature

required info for prescription label

• name, address, and phone # of pharmacy

• name of patient

• name of prescriber

• prescription number

• date dispensed

• initials of dispensing RPh

• name, strength, and quantity of drug product dispensed

• name of manufacturer or NDC number

• beyond-use date

• directions for use

examples of auxiliary labels

• shake well

• keep in refrigerator, do not freeze

• don’t use after:

• refrigerate, shake well, discard after:

• protect from light

• external use only

• may cause drowsiness

• avoid sun exposure

• don’t drink alcohol

• take with food

• take on an empty stomach

• take w full glass of water

• finish all medication

• compounded in this pharmacy

OTC drugs

drugs deemed safe enough for a layman in self-treatment of simple conditions for which competent medical care is not generally sought

controlled substances

• drugs or other substances that have been deemed to have the potential for abuse or psychological/physical dependence

• 5 schedules

• req special labeling

• drug package will bear a schedule symbol such as C-II, C-III, etc.

• federal transfer label states: federal law prohibits the transfer of this drug to any person other than the patient for whom it was prescribed

Schedule I (C-I)

• no accepted medical use

• high potetial for abuse

schedule II (C-II)

• accepted medical uses

• high potential for abuse

• severe physiological and pysical dependence

schedule III (C-III)

• accepted medical uses

• lesser degree of abuse potential than C-II

• moderate dependence

schedule IV (C-IV)

• accepted medical uses

• low potential for abuse relative to C-III

• limited dependence

schedule V (C-V)

• accepted medical uses

• low potential for abuse relative to C-IV

• limited dependence

how do you verify a prescriber’s DEA?

• letters at beginning for prescribers are A, B, or F

• second letter is the 1st letter of the prescriber’s last name

• 7 digit positions

• for positions 1-6, calculate [sum of values in odd positions] + 2*[sum of values in even positions]

when is DEA # required?

when writing for a controlled substance

general labeling guidelines for liquids for oral administration unless otherwise stated

labeled in terms of each 5 mL portion

• ex. ibuprofen 100mg/5mL

general labeling guidelines for capsules, tablets, or other unit dose forms such as suppositories

labeled to express the quantity of each therapeutically active ingredient contained in each unit

general labeling guidelines for topical semisolid dosage forms

labeled to express the w/w% concentration of each therapeutically active agent in the preparation

general labeling guidelines for liquid dosage forms that aren’t for oral delivery

various ways to label:

• w/v% concentration

• amt per mL, or some other specified volume

• v/v% concentration

• of each therapeutically active agent in the preparation

the concentration and dosage of electrolytes are often stated on the label in __________

milliequivalent (mEq)

beyond use date should be included in the labeling of _________ products

compounded

define beyond use date (BUD)

date placed on dispensing container by the PHARMACIST; date after which it should not be used

• should not be later tan the expiration date on the manufacturer’s container

what is the longest BUD in Ohio?

1 year

do pharmacists assign expiration date or BUD?

BUD

• manufacturer determines expiration date

what does D.A.W. stand for?

dispense as written