Native American Societies and European Colonization

Pueblos

Native American tribes in Southwest USA.

Anasazi

Ancient civilization in the Southwest, known for cliff dwellings.

Hohokan

Culture in the Southwest, developed irrigation systems.

Irrigation systems

Techniques to supply water for agriculture.

Chinooks

Tribe from the Pacific Northwest, known for longhouses.

Iroquois Confederacy

Political alliance of five original tribes.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Agreement dividing New World between Spain and Portugal.

John Cabot

Explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England.

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who claimed land in North America.

Encomienda system

Spanish labor system exploiting Native Americans.

Asiento system

Tax system for importing enslaved Africans.

Spanish caste system

Social hierarchy based on race in Spanish colonies.

Totem poles

Carved wooden poles representing cultural symbols.

Lakota

Nomadic tribe from the Great Plains.

Sioux

Native American tribe known for buffalo hunting.

Bartolome de Las Casas

Advocate for better treatment of Native Americans.

New Laws 1542

Regulations aimed at protecting Native American rights.

Valladolid Debate

Discussion on the humanity of Native Americans.

Native American survival strategies

Methods for adapting to European colonization.

Matrilineal

Society where lineage is traced through mothers.

Mississippi River Valley

Region with rich food supply and permanent settlements.