Protein Analysis

Ion Exchange Chromatography

Separate anion and cation

Anion Exchange

Attract negative charged ion

Cation Exchange

Attract positive charge ion

Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography

Separate molecules based on hydrophobicity

Gel Filtration Chromatography

Molecules separated by size and shape

Affinity Chromatography

Ligand binds to specific molecule of interest

Immunoaffinity Chromatography

ligand binds to molecule but process can be reversed

Metal Chelate

Binding to metal-ion

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Separation based on size, shape and charge

SDS-PAGE

Separates by molecular mass forgetting charge

Ultracentrifugation

Separates molecules by mass, density and shape

Beta-alpha-beta motif

alpha helix connects two parallel strands of a beta sheet

Beta Hairpin

Antiparallel strands connected by relatively tight reverse turns

Alpha-Alpha Motif

Two successive antiparallel alpha helices pack against each other with their axes inclined

Greek Key Motif

Beta hairpin is folded over to form a 4-stranded antiparallel beta sheet

Supersecondary Structure

Specific, recognizable combinations of secondary structures

Iodoacetate

An alkylating agent that reacts with Cys residues

2-mercaptoethanol

A reducing agent that carries out reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds

Dansyl Chloride & Phenylisothiocyanate

A reagent used to identify N-terminal residues

Cyanogen bromide

A reagent that cleaves polypeptides into smaller fragments

Phenylisothiocyanate

A reagent used in sequencing polypeptides from the N-terminus

False

X-ray crystallography can be used to study proteins in their native cellular environment

True

Unit cell in a crystal refers to the smallest repeating unit of crystal lattice

False

In Cryo-EM, samples are frozen in crystalline ice matrix

True

NMR spectroscopy can be used to study protein dynamics, while x-ray crystallography provides a static snapshot of the protein structure

True

One advantage of Cryo-EM is that it does not require crystallization of the protein