1.1 - Innovation Boosts Growth
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47 Terms
how did the civil war impact the growth of american industry?
it helped accelerate and improve it
how did immigration impact US industry growth?
it accelerated it
numerous coal mines along the ____ ____ provided fuel to power steam locomotives and factories
eastern seaboard
what impact did the nation’s riverways have?
it helped transport stuff
when was the first successful oil well drilled?
1859
where was first oil well?
titusville, pennslyvania
who made first oil well?
edwin drake
why was oil revolutionary?
it replaced whale blubber
iron ore moved from ____ in _____ to ___, ______ and other steel making centers
cities, minnesota, pittsburgh, pennsylvania
in 1881, nearly ______ immigrants arrived in america
750,000
by 1905, almost ___ immigrants per year came into america
1 million
why did the potential workforce for industrial labor grow larger in the 1890s?
droughts and competition drove farmers to cities
who published ragged dick or street life in new york
horatio alger
what are entrepreneurs?
people who build and manage businesses by taking risk and investing time and money
what is free enterprise?
freedom to run business for profit with minimal regulation
what is laissez-faire policies?
allowing businesses to run under minimal government regulation
what are protective tarrifs?
taxes placed on goods imported into a nation
what is a patent?
grant by federal government to allow inventor exclusive rights to their own inventions for period of time
the first telegram message was sent on ___ from ______ to _____
1844, dc, baltimore
one person who helped fund thomas edison?
jp morgan
where was thomas edison’s research lab
menlo park, new jersey
george westinghouse invented?
long distance electricity delivery and air-brakes for trains
when was the telephone patented?
1876
who invented wireless telegraph
guglielmo marconi
where and when was the henry bessemer process invented
england, 1850
which bridge was first suspension bridge, what river did it span over
brooklyn bridge, east river
who made a telegraph system for trains
granville woods
in ____, ___ countries divided the globe into ___ time zones
1884, 27, 24
why were time zones invented?
to standardize train scheduling
growth is a positive/negative feedback loop
positive
what was mass production?
using machinery to automate manufacturing
there was more middle class in north/south
north
why did the south suffer?
overreliance on cotton crop, lack of capital and labor, and lack of education
what two things helped the south build railway system
prison labor and federal subsidies
by the 1860s, only __ rail lines linked southern freight to northern markets
2
which lines linked southern freight to northern markets
texas to chicago and tennessee to washington dc
what was one person who called for a “new south”
henry grady
who was an atlanta newspaper editor?
henry grady
better wages elsewhere led to ____ ____ in the south
labor drain
why did southern banks struggle?
civil war and wealth inequality
what is a cash crop?
crop grown not for own consumption but for selling as cash
which insect could destroy entire crops of cotton
boll weevil
where and when did the boll weevil first appear
texas, 1890s
who invented crop rotation?
george washington carver
what was a demographical effect of industrialization? (within interior of country only)
growth of middle class and rural migration to urban centers
what was a global impact of industrialization in the united states?
USA as an export economy and friction with other countries’ economies
what was the first national park, when was it established?
yellowstone national park, 1872