H Biology - Unit 1 - KA1 - Structure of DNA
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33 Terms
Where is DNA found?
DNA is found within the nucleus of the cell
Where is DNA located within the nucleus?
DNA is located within the nucleus on chromosomes made up of genes
What is each gene made up of?
Each gene is made up of many nucleotides
What are DNA nucleotides made up of?
DNA nucleotides are made up of;
Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate
Bases
How are DNA nucleotides joined together?
DNA nucleotides are joined together by strong bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next.
What is the strong bond between nucleotides known as?
The strong bond between nucleotides is known as the sugar phosphate backbone of the DNA.
What are the 4 DNA bases?
The four DNA bases are;
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Which base is A?
Base A is Adenine
Which base is T?
Base T is Thymine
Which base is G?
Base G is Guanine
Which base is C?
Base C is Cytosine
Which base does adenine join with in DNA?
In DNA, adenine joins with thymine
Which base does thymine join with in DNA?
In DNA, thymine joins with adenine
Which base does guanine join with in DNA?
In DNA, guanine joins with cytosine
Which base does cytosine join with in DNA?
In DNA, cytosine joins with guanine
What kind of bonds join the complementary base pairs?
Weak hydrogen bonds join the complementary base pairs
What structure does DNA have?
DNA has a double stranded anti parallel helix structure
The 5’ end
5’-5 prime
Phosphate carbon exposed
The 3’ end
3’-3 prime
Sugar carbon exposed
What are the two different cell types?
The two different cell types are;
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
What feature does a eukaryotic cell have?
A eukaryotic cell has a membrane bound nucleus and organelles
What feature does a prokaryotic cell have?
A prokaryotic cell has no membrane bound nucleus and organelles
Which cells are eukaryotes?
The eukaryotic cells are;
Plant
Animal
Yeast
Which cells are prokaryotes?
The prokaryotic cells are;
Bacteria
Archaea
What type of DNA shape do eukaryotes have within their nucleus?
Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes in the nucleus, which are tightly coiled and packaged with proteins called histones.
What DNA shape do bacterial chromosomes have?
Bacterial chromosomes have a circular chromosome shape
What DNA shape do chloroplast chromosomes have?
Chloroplast chromosomes have a circular chromosome shape
What DNA shape do mitochondria have?
Mitochondria DNA has a circular chromosome shape
What DNA shape do bacterial plasmids have?
Bacterial plasmids chromosomes have a circular plasmid shape
What DNA shape do yeast plasmids have?
Yeast plasmids chromosomes have a circular plasmid shape
What is special about yeast?
Yeast is a special example of a eukaryote as it also has circular plasmids
What do prokaryotes have?
Prokaryotes have a single, circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids
What do eukaryotes have?
Eukaryotes all have linear chromosomes in the nucleus and circular chromosomes in their mitochondria and chloroplasts