Unit 2 - Computing Systems and Networks

A machine that can run a program

computing device

A group of computers working together for a common purpose

computing system

Information transmitted via the Internet

data stream

A direct connection between two devices

path

A single unit of binary data routed through a network

packet

How well a system adapts to changing demands

scalability

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

router

A device on a network

host

Protocol that reassembles packets and requests missing ones

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Protocol that requests and sends pages on the web

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Network rerouting after a wire breaks shows which principle?

fault-tolerance

Why add redundant ISP connections?

Redundant networks are more reliable

What is a computer network?

A way to connect devices to share data

How does a sending computer transmit information?

It breaks data into smaller packets with destination headers

How are packets received over the Internet?

Out of order and reassembled in correct order

What are the ones and zeros in a message called?

data stream

What happens if a message is larger than a packet?

Only part is sent because it exceeds packet size

How do Internet devices know how to route data?

The Internet Protocol gives every device an address

Which statement is true about TCP and UDP?

UDP is faster than TCP

Why is Internet routing considered an abstraction?

Because we don’t know the exact path

Difference between Internet and World Wide Web

Internet is physical; Web is software on it

Difference between HTTP and HTTPS

HTTPS is secure and encrypts data

Parallel computing runs…

Sections of the program at the same time

Which system processes larger datasets with more devices?

distributed

Why can’t parallel systems add unlimited devices?

Sequential parts can’t be shortened by adding devices

What is bandwidth?

Amount of data sent in a fixed time

Why is Internet routing dynamic?

So new paths can be used if one fails

Protocol handling processing at sender and receiver

Transmission Control Protocol

Number assigned to devices on the Internet

Internet Protocol address

How do packets find their destination?

Each packet includes the destination IP address

Why is the Internet fault-tolerant?

It has duplicate paths to all locations

What is the World Wide Web?

A way to search for and share documents and resources

Comparing time for systems to finish tasks determines

Efficiency

Which statement about packets is true?

Packets travel along different paths to their destination

Which statement about HTTPS is false?

HTTPS trades faster performance for more security

Which scenario violates net neutrality?

ISP blocks a streaming platform unless users pay extra

Which example shows Internet censorship?

Government blocks social media during protests

How does the OSI model help troubleshoot?

By identifying which network layer causes issues

Consequence of the digital divide

Unequal access to jobs needing digital skills

Loads webpage without encryption

HTTP

Securely loads encrypted webpage

HTTPS

Identifies devices with unique addresses

IP

Ensures reliable delivery by retransmitting lost packets

TCP

Transfers data quickly but less reliably

UDP

Resolves domain names to IP addresses

DNS