Oral Path exam 1

Which term describes a fluid‑filled blister greater than 5 mm in diameter?

Bulla

A flat lesion that differs in color from surrounding tissue is called a:

Macule

A lesion attached by a stem or stalk is described as:

Pedunculated

A small, elevated, solid lesion less than 1 cm is a:

Papule

A lesion containing pus is classified as a:

Pustule

A lesion that is broad‑based and does not have a stalk is:

Sessile

A small blister containing serous fluid and measuring less than 1 cm is a:

Vesicle

A radiograph showing a dark area indicates the lesion is:

Radiolucent

A radiograph showing a light or white area indicates the lesion is:

Radiopaque

A single, well‑defined radiolucent area is described as:

Unilocular

A radiographic lesion with multiple compartments resembling “soap bubbles” is:

Multilocular

A lesion with a thin radiopaque border is described as:

Corticated

A radiographic lesion with poorly defined borders suggests:

Aggressive or malignant process

A radiographic pattern described as “ground‑glass” is most associated with:

Fibrous dysplasia

Which of the following is the body’s primary purpose during inflammation?

Eliminate the injurious agent

Which local sign of inflammation is caused by dilation of microcirculation and hyperemia?

Redness and heat

Swelling during inflammation is primarily due to:

Exudate formation from increased permeability

Pain during inflammation is caused by:

Pressure on nerves from exudate

Fever during systemic inflammation occurs because:

Pyrogens affect the hypothalamus

Leukocytosis refers to:

Increased circulating WBCs

Lymphadenopathy occurs due to:

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of lymphocytes

What is the first microscopic event after tissue injury?

Constriction of microcirculation

Increased blood viscosity during inflammation occurs because:

Transudate leaves the microcirculation

Margination refers to:

WBCs aligning along vessel walls

Chemotaxis is defined as:

Movement of WBCs toward the site of injury

Which WBC is the first to arrive during acute inflammation?

Neutrophil

Which cell becomes a macrophage once it enters tissue?

Monocyte

Acute inflammation is best described as:

Minimal and brief

Chronic inflammation is characterized by:

Proliferation of fibroblasts

Granulomatous inflammation typically contains:

Multinucleated giant cells

Hyperplasia refers to:

Increase in number of cells

Hypertrophy refers to:

Increase in tissue size

During repair, a clot forms on:

Day 1

Granulation tissue appears around:

day 3

Scar tissue is typically formed by:

2 weeks

Healing by primary intention involves:

Sutured injury with little granulation tissue

Healing by secondary intention results in:

Large clot and increased granulation tissue

Healing by tertiary intention occurs when:

Infection delays closure

A patient presents with redness, heat, swelling, and pain at the site of injury. Which microscopic event best explains the redness and heat?

Dilation of microcirculation causing hyperemia

A patient reports pain at an inflamed site. Which microscopic event is responsible?

Pressure on nerves from exudate

A patient presents with fever and elevated WBC count. Which systemic inflammatory process is occurring?

Pyrogens affecting the hypothalamus

A patient has swollen lymph nodes during a dental infection. What is the cause?

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of lymphocytes

A patient presents with a warm, red, swollen gingival area that developed yesterday. What type of inflammation is most likely?

Acute inflammation

A patient has a persistent lesion that has lasted several months and contains multinucleated giant cells. What type of inflammation is present?

Granulomatous

A patient presents with a large, painful ulcer on the buccal mucosa after biting their cheek. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Traumatic ulcer

A patient presents with a soft, fluctuant swelling on the lower lip caused by salivary duct obstruction. What is the diagnosis?

Mucocele

A patient presents with a deep purple, rapidly growing gingival lesion with a pedunculated base. Which diagnosis fits best?

Pyogenic granuloma

A patient presents with a firm, pale, dome‑shaped nodule on the buccal mucosa at the occlusal line. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Irritation fibroma

A patient presents with a painful, crater‑like lesion on the posterior palate that developed suddenly. The lesion is moderately painful and the patient reports recent trauma from hot food. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Necrotizing sialometaplasia

A patient presents with a radiolucent lesion at the apex of a non‑vital tooth. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Periapical granuloma

A patient presents with a radiolucent lesion at the apex of a non‑vital tooth that is well‑circumscribed and surrounded by a thin radiopaque border. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Periapical cyst

A patient presents with a pink, bulbous mass protruding from the pulp chamber of a severely decayed molar. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

A patient presents with a painful swelling under the tongue that worsens during meals. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Sialolithiasis

A patient presents with a red, swollen gingiva and reports symptoms began two days ago. Which microscopic event is occurring first?

Constriction of microcirculation

A patient presents with fever, leukocytosis, and lymphadenopathy. Which stage of inflammation is most likely?

Systemic involvement

A patient presents with a lesion that has persisted for months and shows fibroblast proliferation. Which type of inflammation is present?

Chronic

A patient presents with a wound that was sutured immediately after injury. Healing is progressing with minimal granulation tissue. Which type of repair is occurring?

Primary intention

A patient presents with a large open wound that cannot be sutured. Healing shows a large clot and significant granulation tissue. Which type of repair is occurring?

Secondary intention

A patient presents with an infected surgical site that cannot be closed until the infection resolves. Which type of repair is occurring?

Tertiary intention

A patient presents with a red, warm, swollen area on the gingiva. Which WBC is most active at this early stage?

Neutrophil

A patient presents with a lesion containing macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Which inflammatory process is occurring?

Granulomatous inflammation

A patient presents with elevated C‑reactive protein. This indicates:

Increased systemic inflammation

A patient presents with a small, white, elevated lesion on the buccal mucosa. It is less than 1 cm and solid. Which lesion type is most likely?

Papule

A patient presents with a blue, dome‑shaped lesion on the lower lip. It is soft and fluid‑filled. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Mucocele

A patient presents with a large, fluid‑filled blister on the soft palate. Which lesion type is most likely?

Bulla

A patient presents with a wrinkled, folded white patch on the buccal mucosa. The surface texture is corrugated. Which diagnosis fits best?

Corrugated lesion

A radiograph shows a well‑circumscribed radiolucent lesion around the apex of a tooth. Which radiographic term applies?

Unilocular

A patient presents with a red, flat lesion on the soft palate. Which term best describes this?

Macule

A patient presents with a lesion that appears as multiple fused lobes. Which descriptive term applies?

Lobulated

A patient presents with multiple small, yellow papules on the buccal mucosa. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Fordyce granules

A patient presents with deep grooves on the dorsal tongue surface. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Fissured tongue

A patient presents with a red, depapillated area on the midline of the tongue. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Median rhomboid glossitis

A patient presents with white, elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Hairy tongue

A patient presents with a smooth, red patch on the dorsal tongue that changes location over time. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Geographic tongue