First fleet stuff

Aboriginal people

Live in Aus for 60k yrs
Devel rich+complex culture of lang, art, medicine, science, dreaming.

Been trading w/pacific/torres islanders
-Shells+bone fragments of animals = in North Aus but native to other islands

Captain Cook

undertook the secret mission of the Endeavour
-Find unknown southern land + claim as king

Why = lots of prisoners
America rev = Britain can’t send convicts to US

Power of Governor in the New Colony

First fleet = 1788, led by governor phillips

Phillip role = est penal colony + contact w/natives
Only answer the British Gov (London) = full authority of 859 people in colony

→ Est millitary gov, enforce law by punishment e.g hanging + flogging

Early Problems for Governor

British = not used to hot climate → crop failure + shortages

Syrius to capetown 4 food → one ship protect + defend colony
Intro daily ration + limit work 4 convicts → preserve energy

Encourage British to copy diet of aboriginal + healthy relations

But 1790 = 3 months of food left
→ resources from second fleet

1792 = Phillip leave → colony = self sufficient

Absolute Power

Governor = ↑ power cus settlement = intended for convicts
Colony = have to be harsh to be deterrent

Punishment = flogging, cat o 9 tails, chain gangs, solitary confinement

Men + Women (less serious crimes)= treat differently
-Enter domestic service (Cook, maid, teacher, female factory = clean + spun wool)

Freesettlers treatment to convicts

Increase of free settlers = → more convicts allocated to farms, be servant.

Master = treat convict harshly.
1800s = class of free settler emerge that resent convicts. Did not believe should be allowed to live in society as equals

Sheep wool

1796 importation of spanish merino sheep (Africa) = begin wool industry → Macarther + colony =wealthy, economy = built on export of wool

John Macarthur = use economic pwr → apply political influence
-He angry w/Phillip treatment + write angry letters to gov→ try fire him

Phillip leaves

John hunter replace (1795)

Realise pwr had to be restore to civil administration, removed from millitary