ENTO 201 TAMU Exam 1 Medina

1st invertebrates were

primitive crustaceans

what did insects evolve from

terrestrial arthropod

insect classification is based on

morphology and molecular data

Homology

when body parts look alike because are derived from a common ancestor

peferred way to classify bugs

homology

Homoplasy

when body parts look alike because of convergent evolution (did not evolve the same way)

major grouping of animal kingdom

phyla

Food chain levels

plants/autotrophs -> herbivores -> primary carnivores -> other carnivores

parasitoids oviposit

lay eggs in another bug and let the bug live until babies feed on host from the inside

phylogentic

how things are related to a common ancestor. How they evolved

monophyletic taxon

group of species that share a common ancestor (based off of homology)

polyphiletic taxon

do not share a common ancestor (based off of homoplasy)

Arthropod features

chitinous cuticle, segmental paired legs, body segments groups into tagmata

tagmata

can see body segments (like a shrimp)

chitinous cuticle

exoskeleton outside of body

segmental paired legs

legs in each segment of body (can see joints)

amber

tree sap where bugs get stuck and can't get out

5 factors contributing to insect success

small size, cuticle, efficient nervous system, flight, high reproductive rate

spiracles

openings on side which allow them to get oxygen

tracheal system starts at the

spiracles

cuticle

exoskeleton

apodemes

muscles attach internally to extensions of the internal cuticle

haemolymph

insect blood

sclerotization

hardness

CNS located

ventrally (outside of the body)

main nerve is

dorsal (inside your spine)

blood brain barrier

separates blood and brain so fluids cannot go through the nerve

Apterous

wingless

terous

wings

most insects are [apterous/terous]. .6% are [apterous/terous]

apterous, terous

palaeopterans

old primitive wings (do not fold)

neopterans

wings that can fold (bees, flies, beetles)

endite

inside, muscles attached on the inside and extensions go on the outside

exite

extensions that go on the outside

paranotal theory

wings develop from the outgrowths of nota

Endite-Exite theory

wings develops from exites of primitive leg segments

naiad

immature aquatic insect that engage in Hemdi

Hemdi

looks like parent

metabolis metamorphosis

change in physical form and appearance

holometabolis

does not look like parent

nymph

immature insect (not in water) that does not change greatly as it grows

wolbachia

bacteria inherited that causes alterations in reproductive system in insects

microbiome

all of the microorganisms that live inside us (gut and on skin)

The endosymbiosis theory

explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells

mutualism

when 2 insects interact with an organism and both benefit

symbiotic protists

live with other larger organisms in a mutually beneficial relationship.

Buchnera

convert common phloem amino acids into essential amino acids

Bacteriome

the bug protects the bacteria and in exchange the bacteria provide essential vitamins and amino acids to the host insect

etomophetera muscae

infects female which makes her look sexy and when male mates he is now infected. this changes behavior making them perch higher and when they are gaseous it infects more insects than normal

1st insects were

saprophagous

Galls

Abnormal plant growths caused by insects

insects are afraid of

desiccating drying out

trichomes

"hairs" of plant. When insects touch them it will break down their tissues

insects are organized in 3 tagmata

head, thorax, abdomen

head has ___ function

sensory function

thorax has ___

motile function

abdoment has ___

digestive, reproductive, and excretory organs

how many segments are in the head

6

name of upper lip

labrum

name of lower lip

maxillae

thorax has ___ segments and is the ___ center

3, locomotion

wings are in what sections

2nd and 3rd

each individual eye is called

ommatidia

what organ lets insects hear
located in what areas?

tympanal
legs, abdomen, antennae, or wings

can smell and taste through
and in what areas?

cemo-receptors
mouths, antennae, and legs

what do insects smell with
located where?

olfactory sensible
antennae