Mental Health Exam 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from Mental Health Exam 3 practice material, covering schizophrenia symptoms, antipsychotic side effects, eating disorders, neurocognitive disorders, child/adolescent psych, crisis, violence/abuse, and substance use disorders.

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Symptoms that add uncharacteristic experiences or behaviors to a client's baseline, including auditory hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and bizarre behavior.

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Symptoms characterized by a loss or deficit of normal functioning, such as flat affect, avolition, poverty of speech (alogia), and social withdrawal.

Clang Association

A speech alteration where word choice is governed by rhyming or similarity of sound rather than logical meaning (e.g., 'Toast, coast, most, ghost, boast').

Neologism

A newly coined or invented word that carries a private meaning understood only by the client (e.g., using 'zentora' to describe a personal concept).

Word Salad

Severely disorganized speech consisting of a random, incoherent jumble of words and phrases without logical connection (e.g., 'Blue train pencil glass tomorrow shoe hospital rain').

Tangential Speech

A speech disturbance in which the client strays from the original topic or question to unrelated subjects and never returns to provide an answer.

Circumstantial Speech

A speech disturbance in which the client provides excessive, unnecessary details and tangents before eventually returning to answer the original question.

Delusion of Reference

A false belief that neutral external events, public media, or environmental cues have direct, secret, or specific personal meaning directed solely at the client.

Thought Withdrawal

The delusional belief that one's thoughts have been extracted or removed from their head by an outside force or person.

Clozapine

An atypical antipsychotic medication that carries a high risk of life-threatening agranulocytosis/neutropenia, requiring mandatory absolute neutrophil count (ANC) monitoring and immediate evaluation if fever or sore throat develops.

Hyperprolactinemia

An adverse effect associated with risperidone caused by dopamine blockade, leading to elevated prolactin levels that manifest as galactorrhea (breast discharge) and menstrual alterations.

Acute Dystonia

An early extrapyramidal side effect characterized by painful, sustained muscle contractions or spasms (such as torticollis, jaw spasm, or oculogyric crisis) that requires immediate airway assessment if laryngeal or tongue involvement occurs.

Akathisia

An extrapyramidal symptom characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness and an uncontrollable drive to move, leading to persistent motor activity such as constant pacing.

Pseudoparkinsonism

An extrapyramidal symptom cluster caused by dopamine blockade that mimics Parkinson's disease, presenting with a shuffling gait, resting tremor, generalized rigidity, masked facial expression, and drooling.

Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)

A late-developing, often irreversible involuntary movement disorder caused by long-term antipsychotic therapy, characterized by repetitive oral-facial movements like lip smacking, tongue protrusion, chewing, and facial grimacing.

Benztropine

An anticholinergic medication used to treat early extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as acute dystonia and pseudoparkinsonism.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A life-threatening systemic emergency triggered by antipsychotic use, characterized by severe hyperpyrexia (temperatures up to $104^\text{o}\text{F}$ or higher), severe generalized lead-pipe muscle rigidity, altered mental status, diaphoresis, tachycardia, and autonomic instability.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by severe calorie restriction leading to significantly low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image.

Lanugo

Fine, soft body hair growth that develops on clients with severe malnutrition and starvation, such as in anorexia nervosa, as a physiologic response to hypothermia.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes followed by regular compensatory behaviors (such as self-induced vomiting), typically occurring in individuals maintaining a body weight within or near normal range.

Binge-Eating Disorder

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming unusually large amounts of food with a loss of control, accompanied by severe shame and guilt, without regular compensatory purging or fasting behaviors.

Refeeding Syndrome

A severe, potentially fatal metabolic complication occurring when nutrition is reintroduced to a severely malnourished client, marked by a precipitous drop in serum phosphorus (hypophosphatemia), electrolyte shifts, cardiac dysrhythmias, and cardiopulmonary compromise.

Delirium

A neurocognitive syndrome characterized by an acute/sudden onset, fluctuating level of consciousness, and severely impaired attention, which is often reversible once the underlying medical etiology is treated.

Dementia

A neurocognitive disorder characterized by a gradual, progressive decline in cognitive function and memory over an extended period, with alertness and attention typically remaining intact in the early stages.

Sundowning

A phenomenon in clients with dementia characterized by increased confusion, disorientation, and behavioral agitation occurring in the late afternoon or evening.

Respite Care

A community-based support service that provides temporary relief for primary family caregivers caring for individuals with chronic conditions like dementia.

Donepezil

A cholinesterase inhibitor used to provide modest symptomatic improvement in dementia, which requires monitoring for cholinergic side effects like severe bradycardia ($\text{HR} < 50/\text{min}$) and syncope.

Echolalia

The repetitive parrot-like imitation or echoing of phrases or words spoken by another person, seen in conditions like autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A pediatric behavioral disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of angry, defiant, argumentative, and vindictive behavior toward authority figures without severe violations of societal norms or the rights of others.

Conduct Disorder

A serious pediatric behavioral disorder marked by a persistent pattern of violating societal norms and the rights of others through acts such as physical aggression, property destruction, theft, or cruelty to animals.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)

An impulse-control disorder characterized by sudden, brief aggressive outbursts of violent behavior or temper tantrums that are grossly disproportionate to the stressor and not premeditated.

Adventitious Crisis

An unplanned, accidental crisis triggered by extraordinary external events such as natural disasters (e.g., tornadoes), mass violence, or environmental catastrophes.

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE)

A registered nurse specially trained to deliver trauma-informed care, perform physical and forensic evidence evaluations, strictly document injuries, and maintain chain of custody for sexual assault survivors.

Disulfiram

An aversion therapy medication for alcohol use disorder that inhibits alcohol metabolism, triggering a severe, unpleasant physical reaction if any alcohol is ingested.

Naloxone

A fast-acting opioid antagonist administered for the immediate emergency reversal of life-threatening opioid overdose and respiratory depression.

Naltrexone

An opioid receptor antagonist available in oral (Revia) and long-acting injectable (Vivitrol) formulations used for long-term relapse prevention and maintenance therapy in alcohol and opioid use disorders.

Flumazenil

A competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse benzodiazepine sedation, which carries a risk of inducing severe withdrawal seizures in chronic users.