SS-1C-Chapter1-Reviewer

History

A branch of the Social Sciences that systematically studies significant past events, recording and explaining them in relation to people and human nature.

Historiography

The study of history itself, analyzing the writer, their motives, and the context in which history was written.

Historian

The person who writes history, responsible for interpreting and presenting past events.

Primary Sources

Direct or firsthand evidence about an event, created by those who experienced it, such as documents, eyewitness accounts, and recordings.

Secondary Sources

Interpretations of history that analyze and discuss primary sources, created by individuals not directly involved in the events.

Tertiary Sources

Compilations of information from primary and secondary sources, including encyclopedias, dictionaries, and textbooks.

Historical Criticism

The process of evaluating the authenticity and validity of historical sources.

External Criticism

The examination of the physical aspects of sources, such as documents and manuscripts, to establish their authenticity.

Internal Criticism

The analysis of the content and meaning of documents, requiring an understanding of the context in which they were created.

Elements of History

includes the historian, place, period, and sources that contribute to the understanding of historical events.

historie or historia

this are the two words where history came from (greek words)

historian, place, period, sources

what are the elements of the story (HPPS)

History has no subject matter of its own. • History synthesizes knowledge from other fields. • History illuminates pieces of the past, History is constantly changing.

nature of history in the academic discipline

“to know more about the roots of our current culture

why we study history?

to learn about human nature by looking at trends that repeat through history” and “learn about mistakes of those who have gone before us”.

why we study history (2)

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources

3 types of sources

secondary sources

examples are such as: articles in newspapers or popular magazines, book or movie reviews, or articles found in scholarly journals that discuss or evaluate someone else's

secondary sources

this are: articles in newspapers or popular magazines, book or movie reviews, or articles found in scholarly journals that discuss or evaluate someone else's

External and Internal Criticisms

two types of criticism

authorship, date and place of publication, textual errors, and meanings of words used

external criticism includes:

unintentional errors

errors caused by typist or scribes usually in spelling, omitted words or phrases

authorship

the name of the author of the document u

date and place of publication

date of the document including the time and place of publication

textual errors

errors in the text of documents and manuscripts.

sources

basis of claims or analysis of the historian such as documents, written or oral accounts.

period

Refers to the context of the time when the history was written.

place

The location where the history was written

primary sources

examples are historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results of experiments, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, audio and video recordings, speeches, and art objects. Interviews, surveys, fieldwork, and Internet communications via email, blogs, and newsgroups are also primary sources

tertiary sources

examples are almanacs, chronologies, dictionaries and encyclopedias, directories, guidebooks, indexes, abstracts, textbooks.

meanings of words used

the meaning of words used usually changes from generation to generation, therefore the historian must interpret the words used based on the time when the document was made.

internal criticism

Refers to understanding of both literal and real meaning of words.

historian, period, place, source

elements of history