biology - activity 3 homeostatis disrupted

im gonna fail bro

tissue

a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. tissues are organized into layers, fibers, clumps, or other arrangements of cells. muscle and blood are examples of animal tissues

organ

a group of tissues organized into a structure that performs a specific function. the stomach, heart, and lungs are examples of organs in many animals. these organs have specialized functions, such as digesting food, pumping blood, and absorbing oxygen from the fair.

organ system

found in all organisms when several organs work together to form an organ system. animal systems include the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems. in both plants and animals, organ systems work together to maintain the organism’s normal functions

disease

any breakdown in the structure or function of an organism

infectious diseases

illnesses caused by viruses or bacteria that people spread to one another through contact with contaminated surfaces, bodily fluids, blood products, insect bites, or through the air

noninfectious illnesses

illnesses that are caused by factors such as the environment, genetics, and aging

homeostasis

the body’s ability to maintain internal conditions within a healthy range. body temperature and hydration levels are two examples of internal conditions that are regulated through homeostasis

negative feedback loop

when the body recognizes a change and brings conditions back to normal. in the case of body temperature, the human body generates enough thermal energy through cellular respiration and other chemical reactions in cells to raise body temperature by approximately 1 degree celsius per hour. normally, this thermal energy is dissipated through processes that maintain body temperature, like transfer to the environment or evaporation of perspiration

vector

an organism that does not cause the disease itself, but spreads disease-causing microbes from one host to another. for example, female mosquitos, which breed in standing water, are the vectors for malaria.

symptoms of heatstroke include…

high body temperature, confusion/delirium, nausea and vomiting, hot/dry skin, rapid breathing, increased heart rate, and headache

effects of heatstroke on homeostasis

normal mechanisms for controlling body temperature break down as the core body temperature rises. the brain becomes too hot to function normally and no longer sends signals that maintain the feedback loop. the body stops sweating, which can lead to a further rise in core body temperature

restoring homeostasis with heatstroke

preparing for hot weather: appropriate clothing, drink lots of water, and avoid strenuous activity during the hottest part of the day. when heatstroke occurs: immersing the person in cold water/ice bath, evaporative cooling, medications to relax muscles

effect of diabetes on homeostasis

diabetes disrupts the body’s ability to process sugars and is caused by a breakdown in the normal function of certain cells. there are two common types of diabetes, both of which involve high levels of glucose in the blood. type i diabetes occurs when the body’s immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, the hormone that regulates the level of glucose in the blood. type ii diabetes occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or specific cells are not responding to insulin. both types disturb the normal balance of glucose within and outside the cell, leading to other metabolism problems that further disrupt homeostasis.

restoring homeostasis with diabetes

maintaining a healthy body weight, exercising with moderate intensity on most days of the week, avoiding tobacco use, insulin shots

effect of malaria on homeostasis

fever, chills, fatigue, enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, anemia, seizures, coma and kidney failure (infected mosquito injects plasmodium into that person, and the plasmodium travels through the bloodstream to the liver and infects liver cells before reproducing inside the liver cells)

restoring homeostasis with malaria

drugs that kill the plasmodium parasites that cause malaria

effect of rotavirus on homeostasis

severe vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea over several days. virus infects and kills the cells in the small intestine that absorb nutrients and water. as a result, unabsorbed nutrients and water leave the body rapidly in loose stools and vomit. the infected person becomes weak and dehydrated. cells shrink and the brain signals the body to urinate less. the kidneys use more energy and tissues are damaged. organs can cease to function. body temperature may not stay regulated, electrolytes in the blood become unbalanced, joints may not work properly, the brain may swell, and blood pressure may increase or decrease

restoring homeostasis with rotavirus

rehydration, rotavirus vaccine