Module 12: Obesity and Lipid Storage Diseases

Obesity

Obesity

It is a body condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in the body, particularly in the adipose tissues beneath the skin and within other organs, including muscles

Obese

A person can be categorized _______ if he/she is overweight or has an abnormal increase in body weight beyond that is considered desirable with regards to age, height and bone structure

Atherosclerosis

a form of Arteriosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries") due to the formation of abnormal masses of fatty or lipid material (atheroma) within the intima or inside the lumen of arteries resulting to obstruction to the blood supply and eventual dysfunction of these blood vessels

Arteriosclerosis

it is the hardening of the arteries

atheroma

due to the formation of abnormal masses of fatty or lipid material

Hypertension

persistently high pressure of the blood against the arterial walls

Myocardial infarction

it refers to the death or necrosis of the cells of an area of the heart muscle (myocardium) as a result of oxygen deprivation due to blood supply obstruction which can lead to death

Myocardial infarction

commonly referred to as "heart attack"

myocardium

referred as the heart muscle

Diabetes mellitus (type II)

due to a decreased sensitivity of the body tissues to insulin

Osteoarthritis

frequent sensation of chronic back and joint pains from increased strain on joints and ligaments

Diaphoresis

excessive or profuse secretion of sweat

Halitosis

offensive odor of the breath due to rancidity of fats in the throat

Vaginal candidiasis (for obese females) and body odor

since a fatty environment can be accessible to culture microorganisms like fungi and bacteria

Amenorrhea (secondary)

absence of the onset of menstruation which may lead to sterility

Lipemia retinalis

manifestation of a milky appearance of the blood vessels due to excess fat in the blood which can result to blurredness of sight and eventual blindness

Lipomatosis

condition characterized by abnormal localized or tumor – like accumulations of fat in the tissues

Immunosusceptibility

increased physical defenselessness or a greater tendency to contract infectious diseases

Intestinal bypass (Jejunoileal shunt)

the proximal jejunum and terminal ileum are bypassed in order to bring about malabsorption of digested food

Jejunoileal shunt

other name for Intestinal bypass

Liposuction

aspiration of excess fat usually in the subcutaneous tissues

Lipid storage diseases

are a group of inherited metabolic disorders in which harmful amounts of fatty materials called lipids accumulate in some of the bodys cells and tissues

Lipidoses

other name for Lipid storage diseases

to help treat pain (including bone pain) for patients with Fabry disease

The drugs phenytoin and carbamazepine may be prescribed

Glucocerebrosidase deficiency

Gaucher’s disease

Sphingomyelinase deficiency

Niemann – Pick’s disease

Alpha – galactosidase – A deficiency

Fabry’s disease

Ceramidase deficiency

Farber’s lipogranulomatosis

Beta – galactosidase deficiency - GM1

gangliosidosis

Beta – hexosaminidase deficiency

Tay – Sachs’ disease

Galactosylceramidase deficiency

Krabbe’s disease

Arylsufatase – A deficiency

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

Acid lipase deficiency

Wolman’s disease

Fucosidosis

Alpha – fucosidase deficiency

Enzymes

Lipid storage diseases are classified into different types according to?