Digestive System Past Papers

From which of the following does the middle constrictor have an origin?

Stylohyoid Ligament

Which of the following nerves provide motor innervation for the Stylopharyngeus?

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Which of the following muscles forms the posterior boundary of the fossa that contains the palatine tonsils?

Palatopharyngeus

In oesophageal endoscopy 4 constrictors can be seen. What is the 3rd constriction?

Left Bronchus

Which of the following is an important anterior relations of the oesophagus below the trans-thoracic plane?

Left Atrium

What is the main arterial supply to the lower oesophagus?

Left Gastric Artery

Which of the following structures can be found at the dentate line?

Anal Valves of Ball

Which of the following muscles lies in the medial border of the Ischiorectal fossa?

Levator Ani

Abscess in ischiorectal fossa are not uncommon. They usually start in the anal glands. Where do these glands drain?

Anal Sinus

Where is the squamocolumnar junction located in the anal canal?

Dentate Line

Which of the following disorders is a likely result of a gastrectomy?

Dumping Syndrome

Which of the following best describes the epithelium of the outer lip?

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium With Sebaceous Glands and Hair Follicles

What type of epithelium is present on the oesophagus?

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized

Which of the following statements correctly describe the structure of the tongue?

The core of the tongue is partly made up of skeletal muscle fibres

What is the type of collagen forming the reticular fibres found in the liver?

III

What is the venous drainage of the lower 1/3 of the oesophagus?

Left Gastric Vein

Nerve Supply to the upper 1/3 of the oesophagus

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Which one of the following hormones is correctly paired with its function?

CCK- Increases pancreatic enzymatic activity and secretion

Which of the following blood-borne substances inhibits gastrin secretion?

Secretin

Which of the following substances increases gastric and intestinal motility?

Motilin

Which of the following statements regarding the neural innervation of the digestive system is correct?

Pudenal nerve provides sensory and motor supply to the sphincter ani externus

Which one of the following statements correctly describes nerves innervating the rectum and anal canal?

Pudenal nerves carry both sensory and motor nerve fibres

Which of the following statements correctly about the digestive system?

Relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter is due to stimulation of enteric inhibitory neurons

Which one of the following statements correctly describes the neural regulation of digestive system?

The vagus nerve innervates all areas of the small intestine

Which of the following actions concerns the mechanism of swallowing?

Contraction of the superior constrictor muscle seals the soft palate

The larynx opens due tot he contraction of which of the following muscles?

Geniohyoid

Which describes the composition of saliva secreted when having a meal?

Increased sodium ions

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the mechanism of saliva secretion?

Cl- ions are actively secreted form the acini in Primary Secretion

Which of the following effects on saliva is due to the action of aldosterone?

Decrease Na ion concentration

Vagal stimulation to the alimentary tract causes?

Contraction to proximal stomach

Which of the following blood-borne substances causes an increase in gastric acid secretion?

Calcium

Which of the following best describes an action of secretin?

It increases cAMP secretion by pancreatic ductal cells

Which of the following statements correctly describes the mechanism of H+ secretion?

H+ exchange with K+ in the canaliculi is energy driven

What is true about vomiting reflex?

It involves muscles used in the Valsalva Manoeuvre

Which of the following is a primary function of bile salts?

Transport of fatty acids to intestinal mucosal cells

Which one of the following enzymes involved in fat digestion requires trypsin for its activation?

Colipase

Bile acids is returned to the enterohepatic circulation by absorption in what structure?

Ileum

Which of the following statements concerning protein digestion is correct?

Carboxypeptidases are exopeptidases activated by trypsin in the intestines

Which of the following statements concerning absorption of sodium in the small intestines is correct?

Affected by amount of luminal amino acids

Which of the following causes a physiologic increase in insulin?

GIP

What statements about the absorption is correct?

Deficiency of intestinal brush enzymes will cause kwashiokor

Which is the most likely pathophysiology associated with pernicious anaemia?

Hypergastrinemia