Chapter 15- DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

Xeroderma pigmentosum

________ (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disease in humans.

topoisomerase

A(n) ________ is an enzyme that cuts DNA, allows it to unwind, and rejoins it.

Mismatch repair

________ is a form of error correction that cleans up errors introduced during DNA synthesis.

Telomerase

________ catalyzes the synthesis of DNA using an RNA template that is an integral part of the enzyme.

RNA primer

Once the ________ is removed and replaced by DNA, an enzyme called DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3 and 5 ends of adjacent Okazaki fragments, closing up the backbone.

eukaryotic chromosome

The region at the end of a(n) ________ is called a telomere.

Deoxyribonucleotides

________ link together into a polymer when a hydroxyl group on the 3 'carbon of one deoxyribose and the phosphate group attached to the 5 carbon of another deoxyribose are joined by a covalent bond called a phosphodiester linkage, or phosphodiester bond.

gamete formation

Any cell not involved in ________ is a somatic cell.

exterior protein

During the infection, the ________ coat, or capsid, of the virus is left behind on the exterior of the host cell.

enzyme

A(n) ________ called telomerase replicates telomeric DNA.

bacterial cells

Like all organisms, ________ copy their entire complement of DNA，their genome, before every cell division.

potential energy of the deoxyribonucleotide monomers

The ________ is first raised by reactions that add two phosphate groups to form deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs)

replication fork

A(n) ________ is the Y- shaped region where the parental DNA double helix is separated into single strands and copied.

ability of DNA

The ________ polymerase to recognize and remove an incorrect deoxyribonucleotide is called proofreading.

Semiconservative replication

________: If the parental strands of DNA separated, each one could then be used as a template for the synthesis of a new daughter strand.

Mismatch repair

________ is the final layer of error detection and correction for errors introduced during DNA synthesis.

deoxyribonucleotide

Each ________ consists of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Semiconservative replication

If the parental strands of DNA separated, each one could then be used as a template for the synthesis of a new daughter strand

Conservative replication

If the bases of both strands temporarily turned out from the helix, they could serve as a template for the synthesis of an entirely new double helix all at once

Conservative replication

If the bases of both strands temporarily turned out from the helix, they could serve as a template for the synthesis of an entirely new double helix all at once. 

Dispersive replication

This proposed that the parental double helix was fragmented into small pieces before replication and then each piece was replicated by either a conservative or semi conservative mechanism.

DNA polymerase

The initial breakthrough on DNA replication came with discovery of an enzyme called

Primer

A short strand of RNA called a **primer** that is base-paired to the DNA template

Phosphodiester linkage or Phosphodiester bond

Deoxyribonucleotides link together into a polymer when a hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon of one deoxyribose and the phosphate group attached to the 5’ carbon of another deoxyribose are joined by a covalent bond called a

Capsid

During the infection, the exterior protein coat, or **capsid**, of the virus is left behind on the exterior of the host cell