Chapter 4 Workbook [Hartmann Nursing Assistant Care The Basics] Body Systems and Related Conditions

The largest organ and system in the body is:

The skin

Skin prevents_______ to internal organs

Injury

Skin also prevents the loss of too much______ which is essential to life

Water

The skin is also a ______ organ that feels heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure

Sense

Blood vessels_________ or widen, when the outside temperature is too high

Dilate

Blood vessels__________ or narrow, when the outside temperature is too cold

Constrict

Normal or Sign: Thinning Skin

Normal

Normal or Signs: Bruises

Sign

Normal or Signs: Cut in Skin

Sign

Normal or Sign: Wrinkles

Normal

Normal or Sign: Brown Spots

Normal

Normal or Sign :Thinning of fatty tissue

Normal

Normal or Sign:Flaking skin

Sign

Normal or Sign:Thinning Skin

Normal

Normal or Sign:Less elastic skin

Normal

Normal or Sign: Reddened Skin

Sign

Normal or Sign:Swollen Skin

Sign

Normal or Sign: Gray Hair

Normal

Normal or Sign:Orange-peel look or skin

Sign

The body is shaped by

muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.

The human body has_______ bones

206

Bones _______ the body's organs

Protect

Two _____meet at a joint.

Bones

Muscles allow ___________

movement of body parts

Range of motion exercises help______

Prevent problems related to immobility

Atrophy occurs when the muscle _________

Weakens, decreases in size, and wastes away.

Falls can be prevented by ______

Keeping paths clear no keeping walkers or canes within easy reach

Normal or Sign:Bruising on Skin

Sign

Normal or Sign: Weakening of Muscles

Normal

Normal or Sign: loss of muscle tone

Normal

Normal or Sign: Change in ability to do routine movements or ROM exercises

Sign

Normal or Sign: Loss of bone density

Normal

Normal or Sign: Increased brittleness of bones

Normal

Normal or Sign: aches & Pains

Sign

Normal or Sign: Loss of height

Normal

Normal or Sign:pain during movement

Sign

Normal or Sign:increased swelling of joints

Sign

Normal or Sign: white, shiny, and worn area over a joint

Sign

Normal or Sign:Slowing or body movement

Normal

Arthritis is a general term referring to _________ of the joints

Swelling

What happens with an autoimmune illness?

The immune system attacks normal tissue in the body

Osteoarthritis is common in

The elderly

If an NA sees NWB on a residents car plan, the resident ________

Is unable to support any weight on one or both legs

Which side should residents recovering from hip replacements dress first?

Affected (weaker side)

Fractures are broken bones and are often caused by

Osteoarthritis

What kind of pillow immobilizes and positions the hips and lower extremities after a hip replacement?

An abduction pillow

Which of the following statements is true of a knee replacement?

A knee replacement can help restore motion to the knee.

The nervous system

Controls and coordinates body functions

The two main pars of the nervous system are

The two main parts of the nervous system are

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Normal or Sign: inability to move one side of the body

Sign

Normal or Sign: depression

Sign

Normal or Sign:fatigue with movement

Sign

Normal or Sign: shaking

Sign

Normal or Sign:Decreased sense of heat and cold

Sign

Normal or Sign:slurred speech

Sign

Normal or Sign: decreased ability to perform ADLs

Sign

Normal or Sign: slower responses and reflexes

Normal

Normal or Sign: trouble swallowing

Sign

Normal or Sign: confusion

Sign

Normal or Sign: decrease sensitivity of nerve endings in skin

Normal

Normal or Sign: violent behavior

Sign

Normal or Sign: violent behavior

Sign

Normal or Sign: minor short term memory loss

Normal

Normal or Sign: changes in vision or hearing

Sign

Residents with paralysis or loss of movement

Need physical therapy

Leg exercises help

Improve circulation

When helping with transfers or ambulation,

The NA should stand on the resident's stronger side

The NA should always use a fair belt for safety when

Helping a resident who has had a stroke to walk

Gestures are important in

communicating with a resident who has had a stroke

Residents who suffer confusion or memory loss due to a stroke may feel more secure if

The NA keeps a routine of care

Residents with a loss of sensation

could easily but themselves

The NA should an questions that CNA be answered with

A yes or no when communicating with a resident who has had a stroke

Parkinson's disease is a progressive disease that causes

A section of the brain to degenerate

Parkinson's disease causes a

shuffling gait and a mask life facial expression

Multiple sclerosis causes the protective ______ for the nerves, spinal cord, and white mater of the brain to break down over time

Covering

For a person with MA, nerves cannot send

Messages

Symptoms of MS include_____vision, fatigue, tremors, Poe balance, and trouble walking

Blurred

The NA should offer _______ periods a necessary for residents with MS.

Resting

He NA should give residents plenty of time to ________because people with MS down have trouble forming their thoughts.

Resting

The NA should give residents plenty of time to _______because people with MS often have trouble forming their own thoughts

Communicate

_______can worsen the effects of MS so the NA should remain calm and listen to residents when they want to talk

Stress

The effects of a spinal cord injury

Depend on the location of the injury and the force of impact

The higher the injury on the spinal cord,

The greater loss of function will be

Paraplegia is a

Loss of function of the lower body and legs.

Residents with head or spinal cord injuries will need

Emotional support as well as physical help.

People with spinal cord injuries may

not feel burns because of loss of sensation

The NA should help residents change positions at least

every two hours to prevent pressure ulcers

The circulatory system is made up of

The heart, blood, and blood vessels

The blood carries

Food, oxygen, and other substances cells needed to function

The circulatory system removes

Waste products from cells.

Normal or Sign: severe headache

Sign

Normal or Sign heart pumps less efficiently

Normal

Normal or Sign: chest pain

Sign

Normal or Sign: swelling of hands or feet

Sign

Normal or Sign: changes in pulse rate

Sign

Normal or Sign: pale or bluish hands or feet

Sign

Normal or Sign: fatigue

Sign

Normal or Sign: shortness of breath

Sign

What are three possible causes of hypertension?

Kidney disease, tumors of the adrenal glands and pregnancy