ESSAY QUESTION .... compare and contrast the similarities and differences in anatomy and physiology of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system including: (1) locations of neuron cell bodies and ganglia, (2) relative lengths of neurons and the neurotransmitters released by neurons, (3) number of synapses per pre-ganglionic neuron, and (4) specific effects on target organs.
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16 Terms
there are … neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
2
location of cell bodies for the sympathetic nervous system
thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord
location of cell bodies for the parasympathetic nervous system
hindbrain and sacral region of spinal cord
location of ganglia for the sympathetic nervous system
close to spinal cord
location of ganglia for the parasympathetic nervous system
close to effector organ
length of pre-ganglionic neurons in sympathetic nervous system
short
length of pre-ganglionic neurons in parasympathetic nervous system
long
length of post-ganglionic neurons in sympathetic nervous system
long
length of post-ganglionic neurons in parasympathetic nervous system
short
# of synapses per pre-ganglionic neuron in the sympathetic nervous system
many
# of synapses per pre-ganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system
few
neurotransmitter released by pre-ganglionic neuron in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
ACh
neurotransmitter released by post-ganglionic neuron in the sympathetic NS
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter released by post-ganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic NS
ACh
sympathetic nervous system effects on the heart…
increases heart rate and force of contraction
parasympathetic nervous system effects on the heart…
decreases heart rate