ANAT #3 Arteries

Pattern of blood vessels

heart - artery - arteriole - capillary - venule - vein - heart

Arteries

maintain a high pressurize flow of blood

Pressure is low where

in capillaries and in veins

what do arterioles do

reduce pressure

Tunica intima

innermost layer, endothelium continuous with the lining of the heart

Tunica media

middle layer, smooth muscle under autonomic innervation

Tunica externa or adventitia

outermost layer, connective tissue

internal and external elastic lamina

provides ability to expand and to recoil

what makes up an artery

capillary (endothelium + sub endothelial) with 2 more layers

Continuous (type of capillary)

permeable to gases (O2 and CO2) and water

Fenestrated (type fo capillary)

permeable to molecules and peptides (L. “window”)

-ex. hormones

Sinusoidal (type of capillary)

permeable to proteins and cells, found in liver and spleen

Segments of the aorta

1. ascending aorta

2. arch

3. descending aorta

3 branches of the arch of the aorta

1. brachiocephalic trunk

2. left common carotid artery

3. left subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic trunk branches into

right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery

Where does descending aorta exit

exits thorax to become Abdominal Aorta

Abdominal Aorta bifurcates to form

left and right common iliac arteries

Subclavian artery becomes

axillary artery after passing the first rib

axillary artery becomes

brachial artery as it passes teres major muscle

Deep brachial artery runs

deep or posterior to the Humerus to supply Triceps Brachii muscles

Brachial artery splits to becomes

radial and ulnar arteries

What is a branch off the ulnar artery

common interosseous artery

Palmar Arches are formed from

the radial and ulnar arteries which connect to form collateral circulation of forearm and hand

Collateral arteries

Arteries branching from brachial artery

Recurrent arteries

Arteries branching from the radial or ulnar arteries

Collateral and recurrent arteries anastomose to form

collateral circulation

-used in case of occlusion to brachial artery in the elbow so blood can reach the forearm

Common carotid artery bifurcates to form

Internal and External carotid arteries

Internal Carotid enters cranium to supply

anterior and middle of cerebral hemispheres

External carotid supplies

external head

Vertebral artery supplies

posterior cerebral hemisphere

vertebral artery travels through

transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae

-branches off subclavian artery

Circle of Willis (Cerebral Arterial Circle) internal carotid artery

carotid canal - foramen lacerum - middle crania fossa

-supplies the anterior and middle cerebral hemispheres

Circle of Willis (Cerebral Arterial Circle) vertebral artery

transverse foramina - foramen magnum - posterior cranial fossa

-supplies posterior cerebral hemisphere

path for vertebral arteries to supply posterior cerebral hemisphere

R & L vertebral arteries - basilar artery - R & L posterior cerebral arteries

Occluded internal carotid artery

blood flows through posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries and/or anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries

Occluded basilar artery

blood flows through middle cerebral and posterior communicating arteries

External iliac artery passes under the inguinal ligament to become

the femoral artery

Deep femoral artery

travels deep or posterior to fetus to supplies the hamstring muscles

Femoral artery becomes

popliteal artery

-passes from anterior to posterior side of the thigh through the Adductor Hiatus

Occlusion of the popliteal artery

genicular arteries provide collateral circulation between the femoral artery and anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Posterior tibial supplies

posterior compartment of the leg (flexor muscles of the foot)

-gives off a branch called fibular artery

Fibular artery supplies

lateral compartment of leg (fibularis longs and brevis muscles)

posterior tibial artery branches to become

plantar arteries to supply the plantar muscles of the foot

Anterior tibial supplies

anterior compartment of the leg (extensor muscles of the foot)

Anterior tibial becomes the

Dorsalis Pedis artery at imaginary line passing from medial to lateral malleolus

-to supply the dorsum of the foot

Occlusion of the anterior or posterior tibial artery

arcuate artery of anterior tibial artery anastomosis with the plantar arteries of the posterior tibial artery to provide collateral supply to the foot

Thoracic aorta gives off

posterior intercostals arteries

Internal thoracic arteries supply and give off

supply the respiratory diaphragm and give off anterior intercostal arteries

Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries supply

intercostal muscles

3 major branches off abdominal aorta to organs of digestion:

(unpaired)

1. Celiac trunk - to liver, stomach, and spleen

2. Superior mesenteric artery - to small and first part of large intestine

3. Inferior mesenteric artery - to second part of colon and rectum

Gonadal arteries

arterial supply to the gonads (ovaries and testicles)

• branch off aorta in pairs

Internal iliac artery supplies what organs

organs in the pelvis

bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum, and gluteal muscles

Internal iliac arteries branches off to

superior and inferior gluteal arteries

superior gluteal artery supplies

gluteal medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata muscles

-muscles superior to piriformis

inferior gluteal artery supplies

gluteus maximus muscles

-muscles inferior to piriformis