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somatic cell
cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs, except gametes
sex chromosomes
chromosome that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics
gametogenesis
process by which gametes are produced through the combination of meiosis and other maturational changes
autosome
chromosome that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism
fertilization
fusion of an egg and sperm cell
gamete
sex cell; an egg or a sperm cell
diploid
cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm
haploid
cell that has only one copy of each chromosome
meiosis
form of nuclear division that divides a diploid into haploid cells; important in forming gametes for sexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
process by which two gametes fuse and offspring that are a mixture of both parents are produced
egg
female gamete
sperm
male gamete
polar body
haploid cell produced during meiosis in the female of many species; these cells have little more than DNA and eventually disintegrate
homologous chromosome
chromosomes that have the same length, appearance, and copies of genes, although the alleles may differ
Note 
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