human geo

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime.

Doubling Time

The period of time required for a population to double in size.

Crude Density

The number of individuals per unit area or volume; often calculated as total population divided by total land area.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land, which gives a better understanding of population pressure on land.

Population Pyramid

A graphical representation showing the distribution of various age groups in a population, typically displayed as a histogram.

Push Factors

Negative conditions or circumstances that encourage individuals to leave their current location.

Pull Factors

Positive attributes or opportunities in another location that attract individuals to move there.

Ravenstein's Laws

A set of principles regarding migration that describe the patterns and reasons behind human movement.

Migration

The process of moving from one place to another, particularly across borders.

Immigration

The act of entering a foreign country to live permanently.

Emigration

The act of leaving one's country to reside in another.

Remittances

Money or resources that migrants send back to their home country, usually to support family members.

Total Fertility Rate Needed to Replace the World's Population

A TFR of approximately 2.1 is needed to sustain population levels.

Four Major Population Clusters

East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia.

Areas of Major Population Growth

The majority of the world’s population growth is occurring in developing regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.

Four General Conclusions About World Population Distribution

1. Population is unevenly distributed across the globe. 2. Urban areas are home to a majority of the population. 3. Population density varies widely between regions. 4. Most people live near coastlines and rivers.

Crude Birth Rate Calculation

For a population of 4 million with 80,000 births, the crude birth rate (CBR) = (80,000 / 4,000,000) x 1000 = 20.

Crude Death Rate Calculation

For a population of 4 million with 40,000 deaths, the crude death rate (CDR) = (40,000 / 4,000,000) x 1000 = 10.

Rate of Natural Increase Calculation

For the given country: Rate of Natural Increase = Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate = 20 - 10 = 10.