20s and 30s 2

Why was the economy booming?

the economy was booming thanks to two things: 1. new industries coming to Canada. 2. Other countries beginning to invest money into canadian resources.

What was the stock market?

The stock market was where people could buy and sell shares of companies. It was climbing in the 20s and was making people a lot of money. People would take out loans in order to invest.

What new entertainment was introduced?

Jazz music, thus music originated from african american communities in New Orleans. Dance styles like the Charleston Dance step.

What are Flappers?

flappers are women who embraced their newfound freedoms with a lifestyle others found outrageous. They wore short skirts, bobbed hair, danced to jazz, and wore more makeup.

What technological advancements happened in the 20s?

motion pictures were more popular, radios were more popular and vehicles were more popular

what was the prohibition?

From 1918 on, alcohol was banned in canada. Although it was banned it was still illegally sold and produced. People who did not support the prohibition were called bootleggers.

What was the Indian Act?

The indian act was created in 1876 and was created to: 1. protect reserve lands, 2. civilization of indigenous peoples, 3. assimilation of indigenous peoples into mainstream, Canadian society. The indian act defined "status" to determine who had the right to reserve land.

What were Reserves?

reserves were created for indigenous peoples to use and all other land became considered a part of "Canada"

What is assimilation?

a minority group being absorbed into a majority groups culture by taking on the traits of that culture.

what is enfranchisement?

Indigenous peoples were encouraged to enfranchise which means they'd give up their Indigenous status to gain full canadian citizenship and the right to vote. They would lose their treaty rights

What are residential schools?

The goal was to assimilate indigenous children into british way of life. In 2008 the canadian government apologized for the treatment towards indigenous people in residential schools.

What was the chinese immigration act?

in july 1923 the chinese immigration act prohibited almost all chinese immigrants from canada. Chinese people living in canada were forced to register with the government and carry id or risk deportation.

Black Canadians experiences

Faced discrimination in housing, employment, access to public services and segregated schools. In 1923 restaurants were legally allowed to refuse service to black people.

What was the Chanak Affair?

in 1922 canada made its own decision to deny a british request for military support in turkey.

What was the Halibut Treaty?

in 1923 it was the first international treaty signed by canada. Dealt with USA over fishing rights on the east coast.

what was the imperial conference

1926: gathering of government leaders of british colonies. Resulted in the Balfour report, recommending that Canada was an autonomous country with equal status to Britain.

what were the diplomatic offices?

1929- Canada had diplomatic offices nations territories officially becoming a part of the international community.

what is the statue of westminister?

1931- carried out the Balfour report recommendation and Canada was close to having full autonomy.

What was canadas economic identity?

Canada moved away from exporting primarily to britain and moved towards its domestic production with investment from america. this resulted in increased dependence on the american economy.

What was group of seven?

A group of artists that led the canadian art movement to create iconic landscapes that contributed to nature based Canadian nationalism.

What was Radio and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation like in the 20s?

In the 1920s, radio was largely American

In response to fear over the Americanization of Canadian Culture, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was eventually established which aimed to Foster Canadian national spirit

What were movies like in the 1920s?

most were made in Hollywood

in 1939, the national film board of Canada was established to guarantee a place For Canadian movie productions

What were magazines like in the 1920s?

American magazines. were 8 times, as popular as Canadian magazines

In the 30s, a tariff was put on pressure magazines, Which helped canadian magazine sales.

What was the British North American Act?

What was the Person's Case?

a landmark decision relating to the politcal and legal rights of women in Canada.

prior to 1929, women were not considered "persons" under the

law

Who was Emily Murphy?

worked to protect the rights of women and children in rural areas

Fought for women's property rights.

Who was henrietta muir edwards?

•Launched Working Women, of Canada the first Canadian magazine, for working women.

helped establish the National council of Women

Wrote books on the legal status of women

who was louise mckinney?

played a leading role in giving Alberta women the right to vote in 1916

She was the first woman in any legislature in the British.

Empire, and used her position to initiate social measures for immigrants. and Widows.

Who was Irene Parlby?

• In 1921, she was elected to the Alberta Legislature, becoming

the first Female cabinet minister in Alberta (advisor on government policies)

who was Nellie Mclung?

Helped Manitoba women win the right to vote in 1914 and was instrumental in the majority of Canadian women winning the right to vote in 1918

What was "laissez-faire" economics?

Revolves around supply and demand.

results in wealth inequality: the rich control the economy and continue to benefit while the poor continue to live in poverty.

what were the causes of the depression?

Background Causes:

• overproduction - reliance on america - buying on credit

Immediate Causes:

• the stock market crash

Overproduction and Reliance on resources

• protectionism: many countries Stopped trade

with other

countries to protect their own industries because of economic problems

• Canada relied heavily on America to buy natural resources

• When America reduced trade with Canada due to economic problems, Canada was left with an overproduction of resources

° Because of this, export prices fell

Consumerism

People bought goods using credit

As a result, many people had no savings

Stock Market Crash of 1929

• People had been "buying on a margin": purchasing stocks with borrowed money

• Some were selling early to cash in on profits

• Stock prices began declining and people panicked to sell

which resulted in stock prices crashing

• Resulted in millions of Canadians being unemployed, hungry, and

often homeless

Population decline

population growth plummeted because of fewer births and less immigration

government aid

Mackenzie King, who was Prime Minister in 1929 when the stock market crashed, was reluctant to acknowledge the economic Crisis

At the time, Canada did not have an adequate system of giving Welfare to the jobless

The federal government would not take responsibility and insisted it was a provincial responsibility

Under new Prime Minister Bennett, local governments established unemployment relief camps that paid 20 cents a day for construction

political landscapes

1930: Conservative Party leader Bennett became Prime Minister

1934:Bank of Canada was established to regulate monetary policies

• 1935:Mackenzie King is re-elected as Prime Minister

1940: federal government took responsibility for the jobless by introducing a national unemployment insurance scheme

Unemployment persisted until WWII, when new jobs were created

Liberal Party

• william lyon mackenzie King

• "Laissez-faire" economics

-refused to help local governments

-lost election in 1930

Conservative party

• Richard bennett

• Lassez-Farè economics

• Ok'd unemployment relief camps

rather than addressing the reason they were needed

• Lost election in 1935

Social Credit League

• Proposed the government give people $25 month for spending

• Believed demand for goods

would increase, so jobs should increase as well

• This was an early form of welfare

Cooperative commonwealth federation

• Thought that governments should control Key industries (hospitals, banks)

Proposed a Welfare, state where the government transfers Money and services to its citizens: unemployment, medical, minimum wage, pensions

protects the economy

Many of these programs do exist now

Union Nationale

• Quebec Party

• wanted more quebec independence to help it economy and culture

• foresaw the quebec seperatist movement

What were Relief payments?

similar to welfare, but difficult and not enough money to cover expenses

What are Tariffs?

taxes raised on imports to protect canadian businesses

What are unemployment relief camps?

Working in difficult conditions with low pay

What is the prarie farm rehabilitation act?

support for farmers out west

What was Bennetts new deal?

Bennetts new deal was made in 1935 because he realized he needed to change his "laissez-faire" policy to end the depression and stay in power.

• called for a minimum wage, uniform work week and unemployment insurance

• he lost election, but some of these ideas were adopted (ie unemployment insurance in 1940)

What solved the great depression?

Threat of WWII